What is the proximal convoluted tubule? Why is it called that? What occurs here? Is it in the renal cortex or renal medulla

Which of the following structures listed is not found in the renal corpuscles? (a) Bowman’s capsule, (b) podocytes, (c) the filtration membrane, (d) the proximal convoluted tubule.

The process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular blood

What is the right order of filtrate urine through these structures: Ureter Distal convoluted tubule Urethra Collecting ducts in renal medulla toilet proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Glomerular capsule papillae of renal pyramids  Renal pelvis Urinary bladder

The presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen.

What are the two primary cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and how is each stimulated?

Which of the following structures occurs exclusively in the renal medulla? (a) renal sinus, (b) renal pyramids, (c) major calyces, (d) minor calyces.

What are renal calculi and what conditions may favor their formation?

What is the main function(s) of the urinary system? How do the kidneys regulate fluid level? The enzyme renin is secreted by the kidneys. What is the function of renin?

what is the epithelium found at the proximal convoluted tubule involved in tubular reabsorption? simple columnar epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium.