What is meant by the statement “orthogonal analysis methods should be used for characterization of impurities”? Why do bacterial and plant cells require partial destruction prior to osmotic lysis? How can the partial destruction be achieved?

Q: how does the diameter of the column affect the flow rate of the elution in gel filtration…

A: Introduction Gel Filtration Chromatography IsA Type Of Size Exclusion Chromatography, Which Can Be…

Q: What would the activity of a lysozyme sample be if it was able to change the absorbance of a cell…

A: It is asked what would be the activity of lysozyme sample if it was able to change the absorbance of…

Q: Give two reasons as to why anyone would bother SYBRGreen (SG) staining samples that contain…

A: SYBR Green (SG) is an asymmetrical cyanine nucleic acid stain. It binds to DNA.

Q: Compare the lysis for bacteria to that for CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. Note, CHO cells are…

A: Introduction :- Lysis refers to the breaking open of cells to release their contents. This can be…

Q: When eluting your analyte of interest using HPLC, gradient elution can be used. How does Gradient…

A: HPLC is expanded as High Performance Liquid Chromatography. It helps in excluding out the analyte in…

Q: Lucas's unwashed, dirty hand produces 947 CFU when swabbed onto a nutrient agar plate, while his…

A: CFU stands for colony forming unit.

Q: Define the what is gel electrophorsis.

A: Introduction  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that…

Q: Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age when it was discovered in 1928 and is now the…

A: Penicillin is now widely used antibiotic and hence its accurate concentration determination is…

Q: (b) Define concentration polarization and polarization modulus. How is polarization modulus…

A: CP is a process of accumulation of retained solutes in the membrane boundary at the feed side. It is…

Q: After blood collection, the red cells are separated from the serum to be used for the preparation of…

A: Blood collection is performed to diagnose and assess different disease from body fluids like blood.…

Q: You are performing an enzyme reaction that works the same way as your wheat germ acid phosphatase…

A: Enzymes can be defined as proteins that act as biological catalysts. They work by accelerating…

Q: Complete the following questions for your gram negative rod unknown organism (a) What test did you…

A: The gram-negative rod group is a diverse and extensive category of bacteria characterized by their…

Q: Explain about different types of bioreactors and how they are used in cell suspension culture. What…

A: Ans: Bioreactor It refers to any device that supports the biological environment. This is used for…

Q: A continuious, stirred-tank bioreactor with an actively growing culture of bacteria is operating at…

A: A bioreactor is a manufactured device or a system which supports biologically active environment…

Q: Describe the formation of bioprocess product. Please include the following: (a) Product of choice…

A: The above topics are answered below

Q: 3) Define gel electrophoresis, including its theory and application. Describe the steps of running…

A: Introduction:- Electrophoresis is a biophysical technique mainly used to separate proteins and…

Q: In determination of microbial motility, how does true motility differ from Brownian movement?

A: Microorganisms can be characterized based on their ability to move on liquid or solid surfaces. Some…

Q: Animal cell cultures usually require 5% carbon dioxide in the incubator. This gas along with sodium…

A: In scientific and industrial research often providing optimum conditions for the growth of cell…

Q: In step 3 of today's protocol, it mentions that the incubation step with the P2 buffer should not be…

A: P2 buffer is a lysis buffer solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate to puncture holes in cellular…

Q: Ehermophillic bacterium was isolated from a hot spring at Perak. Bernager Lee is a earcher…

A: A mixture of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) is added to promote the partitioning of…

Q: A microorganism was streaked onto 4 nutrient agar plates and the plates were incubated at different…

A: Nutrient agar  A type of general media that supports growth of wide variety of microorganisms.

Q: You are planning an experiment to treat cells in culture with compound A at a final concentration of…

A: In an experiment, a control group is a group that doesn't get the treatment being tested. Its…

Q: What is the concentration of a 50% solution after completing three 1:10 serial dilutions?

A: Serial dilution is the process that reduces the concentration of a solution in an organised manner.…

Q: Gel-filtration chromatography separates molecules according to their size . Smaller molecules…

A: Gel-filtration chromatography is a type of separation technique that uses a gel as a medium through…

Q: As bacteria grow, they produce acidic metabolic waste products that gradually slow down the rate of…

A: Bacteria are unicellular organisms that cannot be seen from the naked eyes. They are present in a…

Q: Consider a batch culture of sphere-shaped bacteria in a growth medium or broth, in which the mean…

A: Batch culturing of microorganisms is an important part of industrial applications of microbiology.…

Q: A biofilm is a layer-like aggregation of microscopic particles and organisms attached to a solid…

A: Steady-state concentration ( Css) occurs when the amount of a drug being absorbed is the same amount…

Q: Which of the following salt solutions is hypotonic to biological potato cells? 1) 0.9% NaCI O 2)…

A: Hypotonic solution: A solution that contains fewer dissolved particles (such as salt and other…

Q: briefly explain the principle behind this technique; gel-filtration chromatography

A: First of all, let's discuss gel-filtration chromatography. This technique is also known as the size…

Q: a) You work as a summer student in a lab to help a postdoctoral fellow in her research. One day she…

A: Molarity = Moles/Volume in liters Since the solution volume had to be 20mL ( = 0.02 L) with a…

Q: A disk-diffusion test using E. coli gave the following results:  Disinfectant         Zone of…

A: Microbiological labs and hospitals all over the world utilise the disc diffusion test to detect the…

Q: What is biocompatibility? Briefly describe how the success of a biomaterial is evaluated.

A: Biomaterials are used for therapeutic purposes to treat or replace injured or damaged body tissues,…

Q: Find a method that uses some form of HPLC for the analysis of proteins. What was the stationary…

A: Protein analysis by chromatography is a widely used technique for separating, identifying, and…

Q: After a sufficient incubation period, bacterial growth occurred except in the zones of inhibition…

A: Antibiotics can be defined as a chemical compound ; generally releases by the microorganisms ; that…

Q: Nanoparticles were added in a liquid to prompt the medication release, and it was observed that 5 mg…

A: Medication: Medication refers to any substance or drug that is used to treat, cure, prevent, or…

Q: The following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for microbial susceptibility to…

A: Zone of inhibition of an antibiotic shows its effectiveness. It is termed as the area or space where…

Q: (b) In a batch bioreactor, the growth of a microbial population is often limited by the availability…

A: As the question contain two different questions, here we have only solved the second one. Bacteria…

Q: Explain this approach: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) ?

A: MALDI is the technique used to detect the mixture of organic molecules like synthetic biopolymers.…

Q: Explain why osmosis is really just a special case of facilitated diffusion

A: Impediments for Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with OrganicsBioremediation isn't with next to…

Scientific Notation

We have to deal with quantities that are extremely large or very small. For example- I may have 6,500,000,000 red blood cells, or the diameter of an iron atom is 0.000000011 inches. Numbers with many zeros can be inexpedient to work with, so scientists use scientific notation. It represents very large numbers or very small numbers in a simple form. We know that whole numbers can be extended to infinity, but we cannot write such large numbers on paper. Numbers that present in millions of places after the decimal point need to be represented simply. Thus, it is difficult to represent a few numbers in their extended form. Therefore, we use scientific notation.