What is an STS? How are STSs generated experimentally? What are the uses of STSs? Explain how a microsatellite can be a polymorphic STS.

Q: How do you clone a 4 kb promoter from a genomic cell preparation?

A: Genome is the complete set of genetic material present in the nucleus of a cell. It houses all the…

Q: What is a forward genetic screen?

A: Genetics is a division of biology that includes study of heredity, genes and genetic variation.…

Q: What is a simple way of making a knockout mouse in terms of DNA recombinant technology?

A: A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse in which researchers have…

Q: What is central dogma of molecular genetics? How does it work ?

A: The Central Dogma was first proposed in 1958 by Francis Crick. He was also the discoverer of the…

Q: What is a non replicative conservative transposon?

A: Transposons are the DNA segment that is known to move from one location to another within a genome.…

Q: What vectors can be used for cloning?

A: Introduction: Vectors are the molecular vehicles used for the transfer of genes of interest into the…

Q: What is a fusion protein? How are fusion proteins involved in cloning and expression?

A: Cloning is considered as the process, during which either naturally or artificially the production…

Q: What is the mom method of pacaking DNA?

A: Answer: DNA : Deoxyribonuleic Acid acts as the genetic material which transfers the genetic…

Q: What are recombinant proteins? How do bioreactors help in their production?

A: The study that involves the molecular level activities that occur in living beings is called…

Q: Why might exome sequencing fail to identify a diseasecausing mutation in an affected person?

A: Exome sequencing can only detect variants in the coding region of genes that have an impact on…

Q: What are the basic steps involved in cloning foreign DNA into a vector?  How do you differentiate an…

A: Cloning Cloning refers to the making of identical copies. DNA cloning is a molecular biology…

Q: How the amplification of other genomic methods such as optical mapping helps to overcome the…

A: The amplification of other genomic methods like optical mapping  has definitely improved the…

Q: in the cloning vector, what would be the plausible impacts if a mutation at the Ori site renders it…

A: The origin of replication (ori) and all of its regulatory components make up the replicon. DNA…

Q: What is the initiation complex and how it is different from the preinitiation complex?

A: Initiation complex - All the components required for the the initiation of translation process is…

Q: What is a chimera and how is it different from a “true transgenic animal”?

A: A chimera is an single organism with DNA of two or three different types in it. For example during…

Q: What are site specific recombinases? Distinguish between serine and tyrosine recombinases.

A: The process that involves exchange of genetic material between same or different organisms that…

Q: What are the advantages of normalizing against a reference gene in qPCR?

A: PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, and it is a widely used method that allows us to make many…

Q: What are the common causes of failed genomic DNA extraction in bacterial cells?

A: DNA extraction is the process by which desirable DNA can be extracted from a particular cell.

Q: What is the purpose of the MCS or the multicloning site?

A: Plasmids are the extrachromosomal, circular, autonomously replicating DNA present in the prokaryotic…

Q: What is a cDNA library, and for what purpose can it be used?

A: In genetics, the term cDNA library refers to the library containing the group of cloned copies of…

Q: here is a hypothetical gene related to the nervous system of Drosophila. Describe all the methods,…

A: In situ hybridization (ISH) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA, RNA or…

Q: Describe how transposable elements are used as experimental tools.

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. Transposon also…

Q: What transcribe the retrotransposon DNA into one or more RNA copies ?

A: Retrotransposons are genetic components that transform RNA back into DNA by reverse transcription…

Q: Besides cloning vectors, there are also expression vectors. What is the main differenc between these…

A: cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be inserted into organism for cloning purpose.…

Q: What is it about the Cas9 protein that makes it an efficient DNAediting tool?

A: DNA and RNA are the genetic elements present in almost all cells. DNA encodes for proteins through…

Q: CRISPR-Cas9 is used by bacteria as a type of immune system against invading viruses. In recent…

A: The question is asking about the type of DNA repair system that is most likely responsible for the…

Q: How can telomerase-related aging be addressed therapeutically?

A: Introduction DNA is packed inside the cell in the form of chromosomes and chromatin. The…

Q: Which restriction enzyme is best suited for cloning in pUC8?

A: The restriction enzymes are specific endonuclease that cut the double stranded DNA from the middle…

Q: What does whole exome sequencing reveal?

A: Molecular biology techniques are the techniques that utilize the genetic material of an organism…

Q: Discuss the major challenges when using microarray techniques to study differential gene expression.…

A: Microarray is a powerful laboratory technique used in genomics and molecular biology to…

Q: Where are microsatellites found?How are microsatellites detected?

A: Microsatellites are the simple sequence tandem repeats (STRs). They are short DNA sequence repeated…

Q: The ability to selectively modify the genome in the mouse has revolutionized mouse genetics. Outline…

A: Molecular biology's applications include the development of new protein products, illness prevention…

Q: What are the most well-studied chromatin remodelers?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a double helix nucleic acid structure that carries the genetic…

Q: How can we use the transposon sequence to find where the mutation occurred in a forward genetic…

A: Forward genetic screes, also termed as forwarding genetics, is a kind of process by which those…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.