What is an STS? How are STSs generated experimentally? What are the uses of STSs? Explain how a microsatellite can be a polymorphic STS.

Q: Explain one experimental strategy for determining the functional role of the mouse HoxD-3 gene.

A: HoxD-3 gene basically functions in the process of morphogenesis and belongs to the category of…

Q: How do you clone a 4 kb promoter from a genomic cell preparation?

A: Genome is the complete set of genetic material present in the nucleus of a cell. It houses all the…

Q: You are engineering a new vector that contains a screenable marker that can be used for blue/white…

A: Three important points to remember about the blue-white test: a special substrate is used which is…

Q: Why might exome sequencing fail to identify a diseasecausing mutation in an affected person?

A: Exome sequencing can only detect variants in the coding region of genes that have an impact on…

Q: How the amplification of other genomic methods such as optical mapping helps to overcome the…

A: The amplification of other genomic methods like optical mapping  has definitely improved the…

Q: in the cloning vector, what would be the plausible impacts if a mutation at the Ori site renders it…

A: The origin of replication (ori) and all of its regulatory components make up the replicon. DNA…

Q: What is the initiation complex and how it is different from the preinitiation complex?

A: Initiation complex - All the components required for the the initiation of translation process is…

Q: What are site specific recombinases? Distinguish between serine and tyrosine recombinases.

A: The process that involves exchange of genetic material between same or different organisms that…

Q: What are the advantages of normalizing against a reference gene in qPCR?

A: PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, and it is a widely used method that allows us to make many…

Q: A) Outline the experimental procedure for cloning a eukaryotic gene and expressing it in E. coli.…

A: Genetic engineering has enabled us to engineer the genes according to the desired gene product. It…

Q: If you wanted to study the nature of transcription in yeast under aerobic versus anaerobic…

A: Yeast grows differently under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. To study the nature of transcription…

Q: c) Describe how plasmid PBR322 is used as a cloning vector. What are their special features? d) What…

A: Bacteria have extra chromosome apart from genomic chromosome . This extra chromosomal part have…

Q: We have two specific strains of E. coli that have shown horizontal gene transfer (HGT) when mixed.…

A: Introduction The non-sexual flow of genetic information between genomes is known as horizontal gene…

Q: here is a hypothetical gene related to the nervous system of Drosophila. Describe all the methods,…

A: In situ hybridization (ISH) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA, RNA or…

Q: Besides cloning vectors, there are also expression vectors. What is the main differenc between these…

A: cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be inserted into organism for cloning purpose.…

Q: You are using Drosophila as a model system to investigate eye development. You do positional cloning…

A: In order to isolate a mutant gene in any organism, one would need to first identify the desired…

Q: What is homologous recombination and where/when does it typically take place in an organism.…

A: Homologous recombination is a genetic exchange process that occurs between two similar or identical…

Q: What is a microsatellite?  Draw what a microsatellite looks like in a zone of inhibition in a disk…

A: Microsatellite- It is repetitive DNA in which motifs of DNA are repeated.

Q: Transposon mutagenesis

A: Transposons: These are also known as jumping genes. These are the segments of DNA which can move or…

Q: CRISPR-Cas9 is used by bacteria as a type of immune system against invading viruses. In recent…

A: The question is asking about the type of DNA repair system that is most likely responsible for the…

Q: Which restriction enzyme is best suited for cloning in pUC8?

A: The restriction enzymes are specific endonuclease that cut the double stranded DNA from the middle…

Q: Discuss the major challenges when using microarray techniques to study differential gene expression.…

A: Microarray is a powerful laboratory technique used in genomics and molecular biology to…

Q: The ability to selectively modify the genome in the mouse has revolutionized mouse genetics. Outline…

A: Molecular biology's applications include the development of new protein products, illness prevention…

Q: How can we use the transposon sequence to find where the mutation occurred in a forward genetic…

A: Forward genetic screes, also termed as forwarding genetics, is a kind of process by which those…

Q: What has been the most significant finding of the ENCODE project?Why was the project expanded to…

A: ENCODE stands for Encyclopedia of DNA elements. It was a research project that came after the Human…

Q: Explain the THREE (3) important regions of this plasmid that enable it to work efficiently as a…

A: Plasmid is a self replicating generally circular DNA molecule that can be used to carry a foreign…

Q: Besides the pUC series, there are other plasmid vectors in the market such as pBR327 and pGEM-T.…

A: Cloning methods are used in biotechnology for various purposes. TA cloning is the technique that…

Q: does human contain supercoiling DNA？Why supercoiling is important and what is it？

A: A higher-order DNA structure is described by DNA supercoiling. Two complimentary strands are wound…

Q: What are at least three molecules involved in DNA transcript proofreading that we reviewed? What are…

A: In humans the DNA is highly coiled to form chromosome. The DNA has many genes which can encodes a…

Q: A person with a rare genetic disease has a sample of her chromosomessubjected to in situ…

A: The word insitu derived from the Latin word that means in place. This suggests that the…

Q: After mutagenesis of wild type Vibrio fisheri, you isolate two different mutant strains (A and B)…

A: Mutagenesis is a process of exposing organisms to mutagens such as chemicals, radiation, or viruses…

Q: What is Sanger sequencing? Why do we use ddNTP? How to read a DNA sequence gel? c. What is a cDNA…

A: Your question contains multiple sub-parts, and as per our policy, we only answer the first three…

Q: What is inverse PCR? How are we going to use inverse PCR to help figure out the molecular location…

A: The gene is a basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes…

Q: We have been told that some tumours in the colon are associated with microsatellite instability.…

A: MSI stands for Microsatellite instability.

Q: When performing QPCR to study differential gene expression, what is the role of SYBR green? What is…

A: Introduction :- SYBR Green is a cyanine dye used in molecular biology studies as a nucleic acid…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.