in the cloning vector, what would be the plausible impacts if a mutation at the Ori site renders it non- functional?

Q: What is a mutagen? Name two common mutagens andtheir effects on DNA

A: The cells are basic structural and functional units of life. The human body contains many types of…

Q: What is a simple way of making a knockout mouse in terms of DNA recombinant technology?

A: A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse in which researchers have…

Q: What is a non replicative conservative transposon?

A: Transposons are the DNA segment that is known to move from one location to another within a genome.…

Q: Describe how the Ames test screens for potential environmental mutagens. Why is it thought that a…

A: Ames test is a biological assay to estimate the ability of a chemical compound to cause mutation.…

Q: Why is it difficult in a single experiment to transfer a largenumber of genes to a recipient cell…

A: Gene transfer is the process of insertion of unrelated DNA into cells. There are three mechanisms of…

Q: What are the basic steps involved in cloning foreign DNA into a vector?  How do you differentiate an…

A: Cloning Cloning refers to the making of identical copies. DNA cloning is a molecular biology…

Q: What is the difference between a transition and a transversion? Which type of base substitution is…

A: There are two different types of mutations with DNA substitutions seen in nature.  These are of two…

Q: Outline an experimental approach to determining the average RNA chain growth rate during…

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…

Q: What is a chimera and how is it different from a “true transgenic animal”?

A: A chimera is an single organism with DNA of two or three different types in it. For example during…

Q: A series of exonuclease deletions were used to study the promoter of the rice hemA gene, giving the…

A: A promoter can be defined as a DNA sequence where proteins bind and initiate transcription of an…

Q: Why the sequence alignment is extremely important in designing a construct for developing a…

A: Sequence alignment It is defined as the way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA or protein to…

Q: What is the purpose of the MCS or the multicloning site?

A: Plasmids are the extrachromosomal, circular, autonomously replicating DNA present in the prokaryotic…

Q: For insertion elements and simple transposition, what is the function of the inverted repeat…

A: Transposition A transposon also called a jumping gene is the DNA sequence that changes its position…

Q: Besides cloning vectors, there are also expression vectors. What is the main differenc between these…

A: cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be inserted into organism for cloning purpose.…

Q: Briefly describe how retron gene editing works?

A: Precise genome editing is a potential technique for discovering causative genetic variations and…

Q: Gerald Rubin and Allan Spradling devised a method of introducinga transposon into Drosophila. This…

A: Plasmids are the genetic structures, which can replicate independent of chromosomes. They are the…

Q: What are two factors that will determine the frequency at which a restriction endonuclease cleaves…

A: Restriction enzymes are the type of enzyme that is used to cleave the DNA during the molecular…

Q: In chapter 19 of Watson et al., Box 19-2 explains the ChIP-Chip and ChIP-Seq techniques.  Explain…

A: Transcription Factors (TF) are proteins that binds to specific sequences near a structural gene and…

Q: Which restriction enzyme is best suited for cloning in pUC8?

A: The restriction enzymes are specific endonuclease that cut the double stranded DNA from the middle…

Q: How does a mutagen induce mutation ?explain with examples?

A: The DNA is a genetic material- a polynucleotide chain made up of the long chain of A, T, G, and C.…

Q: How many restriction fragment length polymorphisms are there in the humangenome?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Discuss the processes of conjugation, transformation (Griffith’s experiment), andtransduction. What…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: How are candidate genes that are identified by positional cloning evaluated to determine whether…

A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…

Q: Identify and briefly describe three of the processes by which deamination of DNA-cytosine residues…

A: Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse the reaction…

Q: i) Suppose we want to insert the GFP sequence after the promoter of a gene X to create a fusion…

A: The CRISPR Cas9 system is a tool for cutting a DNA at a particular location. This system has 2…

Q: Most retrotransposons include a gene that encodes a transposase enzyme. What does this enzyme do ?

A: Transposable components ar deoxyribonucleic acid sequences which will move regarding within the…

Q: Draw and explain how the recombinant DNA molecule can be produced in a pUC19 vector using a linear…

A: The process of genetically modifying a genome by adding a foreign or desired gene is known as…

Q: Both transposase and integrase cleave the target DNA at staggeredsites before the TE is inserted.…

A: The transposable elements are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences that migrate from one location…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.