How do you clone a 4 kb promoter from a genomic cell preparation?

Q: What is the difference between a gene knockout and a gene knockin?

A: The knock-in and knock-out are the genetic engineering methods in which genes are altered in mice…

Q: List three possible uses of site-directed mutagenesis

A: BASIC INFORMATION MUTATION  It is sudden or discontinuous variation These changes occurs in the…

Q: If telomeres are normally shortened after each round of replication in somatic cells , what…

A: Dolly, the  sheep, was a matchless feat in animal biotechnology and cloning. she was born of a finn…

Q: How does ribosomal frameshifting allow for two different proteins to be translated from the same…

A: Ribosomal frameshifting is the process in the translation step where multiple copies of proteins are…

Q: A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a bacterial chromosome. The gene contains a complete…

A: The eukaryotic DNA is composed of coding and non-coding sequences, almost 90% are non-coding…

Q: In Crispr cas9, is crispr DNA or RNAse? And what is cas9?

A: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, or "CRISPR" (pronounced "crisper"), are a…

Q: in the cloning vector, what would be the plausible impacts if a mutation at the Ori site renders it…

A: The origin of replication (ori) and all of its regulatory components make up the replicon. DNA…

Q: If you wanted to study the nature of transcription in yeast under aerobic versus anaerobic…

A: Yeast grows differently under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. To study the nature of transcription…

Q: If telomeres are normally shortened after each round of replication in somatic cells (see Chapter…

A: Cloning is the creation of identical biological entities for therapeutic and reproduction. It is…

Q: How can a tRNA be engineered to encode for a syntheticamino acid?

A: The standard genetic code features 20 natural amino acids which are the units of proteins. They are…

Q: What is RNA editing, how can it increase the number of proteins that can be formed from a single…

A: RNA editing also participated in the variations of proteomics sequence. In many types of cancers…

Q: What is a promoter?  What is the function of RNA polymerase? How does it differ from DNA polymerase?

A: In the process of transcription, there are several machinery and enzymes involved. This aids in the…

Q: What is a technique for which  Drosophila melanogaster  that results in a white eye mutation can be…

A: A cDNA library is a collection of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) fragments, which is used to…

Q: Briefly describe how retron gene editing works?

A: Precise genome editing is a potential technique for discovering causative genetic variations and…

Q: Which restriction enzyme is best suited for cloning in pUC8?

A: The restriction enzymes are specific endonuclease that cut the double stranded DNA from the middle…

Q: What would a scientist need to use CRISPR-Cas system to introduce a specific point mutation into a…

A: When the target DNA is located, Cas9, one of the CRISPR system's enzymes, latches to it and chops…

Q: What is Taq polymerase and why is it important?

A: DNA Polymerase is a very important enzyme in the process of DNA Replication. It is a process in…

Q: As we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how…

A: Introduction  Genetic code   The sequence of bases that encodes a functional protein molecule is…

Q: To create a cDNA library, cDNA can be inserted into vectors and cloned. In the analysis of cDNA…

A: A gene is an area of DNA molecule or polymer of amino acid that encodes function. A chromosome…

Q: Some vectors used in cloning experiments contain bacterial promotersthat are adjacent to unique…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Primer 1 primes synthesis of the 5' to 3' strand (i.e. sense strand) of an oat cDNA/gene and encodes…

A: A primer is sometimes known to state because the short sequence of nucleic acids that's the…

Q: What maturation processes is necessary to convert the primary INS transcript into a mature final…

A: The primary transcript is an mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) molecule that is newly synthesized…

Q: The following is a sample primary RNA transcript. What must first occur before it can be translated?…

A: Introduction Transcription Is The Process Of Copying Information From A Strand Of DNA Into A New…

Q: Q1: Why is only one strand of DNA used as a template? Q2: If a mutation occurred within the promoter…

A: Introduction  Central Dogma: it is the key mechanism by which DNA can be transcribed into mRNA by…

Q: How can these designed nucleases modify the sequence of genomic DNA?

A: A nuclease is a protein that can break the phosphodiester links between nucleotides in nucleic…

Q: For a translational reporter, is GUS/lacZ the best option, or would other reporter genes provide…

A: Ans  - The LacZ gene from E. coli is frequently used as a reporter gene because it produces a blue…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.