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1. What is an "antibody repertoire", and why is it important?.
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- 6. What cell secretes antibodies and explain the various functions of antibodies.?29. Willy is allergic to ragweed pollen and tells you that he read about a medication that can help his condition by blocking certain antibodies Do you think that this treatment could help Willy? Explain.7. Of the millions of antigen receptors, how many types would be found on a single B or T cell?
- 5. A diagram of an antibody IgG molecule is given below. Indicate the locations of the following items on the diagram by putting the letter next to those parts of the molecule. If a part occurs more than once, mark all copies of the part. If you want you can draw the structure, mark it, take a picture, and insert the photo. (a) (b) (d) (e) the heavy chains the light chains the antigen binding site(s) the hinge region the Fc region6. What is an immunoglobulin? Describe the structure of an immunoglobulin molecule (light chain and heavy chain). ONLY ANSWER question (a) a. Explain the different actions of antibodies.6. What process generates the millions of different antigen receptors found on B and T cells?
- 3. Antibodies are valuable tools for immunological detection. Two types of antibodies are commonly used: polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. (a) Briefly describe how polyclonal antibodies are generated. (b) Should you use a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody to bind to the antigen in the following cases below? Briefly explain your answers. (i) Immunoprecipitating a rare cellular protein in a cellular extract (ii) Detecting a protein antigen by western blotting (iii) Treating a patient with lung cancer1. Describe how antibodies can be used to determine if a person has immunity against a disease. 2. What are monoclonal antibodies and how are they created?15.In innate immunity, physical and chemical barriers serve as the human body's first line of defense. One of the chemical barriers is the sebum. How does the sebum function to protect the body from invasion and infection of pathogens? Note: This is a multiple question, choose the correct answer below: Sebum dilutes the number of microorganisms and washes the teeth and mouth. Sebum filters inhaled air by forming a trap for pathogens and dust. Sebum produces an acid that kills microorganisms in ingested food. Sebum provides a protective layer on the skin to inhibit growth of microorganisms.
- 1. How will you differentiate innate and adaptive immunity?44. Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity results in the production of antibodies. involves the administration of preformed antibodies (produced outside the body) causes long-term immunity. results in the production of memory cells. is not effective against a preexisting condition.8. Describe the main similarities and differences in how monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are produced.