What immunoglobulin is expressed on the surface of B cells that identify them as immature? mature? Explain it.

Q: Cells from mouse spleen were fixed and stain with CD4, which is found on T cells. Are the lighter…

A: In this scenario, cells from a mouse spleen are stained with an antibody targeting CD4, a protein…

Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.

A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: Explain the typical immunophenotypic features of peripheral B cells in: (i) X-linked…

A:

Q: Could a TC cell induce apoptosis in a “self” cell that lost the ability to produce MHC class I…

A: The ability of the recipient's antigen-presenting cells to select up antigens in tissues and…

Q: How can an intracellular virus be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the mechanism…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: Match the major types of antibodies with theirfunction and/or where each is found.(1) associated…

A: Answer is given.

Q: w antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens,

A: Thymus-dependent antigens are two categories of antigens that must come into contact with T-helper…

Q: To become a fully activated, antibody-secreting cell, B cellsusually need:(a) To encounter an…

A: Differentiation of B cells is important for the completion of the adaptive immune response. It is…

Q: Emil has fallen and scratched a wound on his knee. After a while, the knee swells and aches at the…

A: The entire activity of the immune system in tackling infection is depicted in the figure given.

Q: How and why do B cells undergo a class switch from producing IgM antibodies to any of the other Ig…

A: Class exchanging happens after initiation of a develop B cell through its layer bound neutralizer…

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Group of answer choices -Natural killer cells are…

A: In both human and mice NK cells are known for directly inducing the death of tumor cells. They act…

Q: What accounts for the change in a B cell’s ability to bind antigen?

A: B cells are also known as B lymphocytes are special types of blood cells which belong to the group…

Q: Which type of T-cell activates a macrophage to greater killing power in the presence of an…

A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…

Q: it states that IgA deficiencies are the most common, affecting 1 in 400 people, and I was wondering…

A: The immune system produces an antibody class known as IgA or immunoglobulin A. It is essential for…

Q: When a helper T cell releases interleukin-1 to stimulate other leukocytes during antigen…

A: The cells communicate through the mode of biochemical exchange. It is studied under the domain of…

Q: List key mechanisms that allow an individual to potentially generate a repertoire (collection) of B…

A: The immune system of our body may produce a large number of B cells that can recognize a wide…

Q: Explain why an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 can result in less efficient…

A: Complement component 3 deficiency is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency characterised by…

Q: What is the mechanism used by B cells to increase antibody diversity should be determined.

A: Antigens refer to a substance that is foreign or external to the human body and arouses an immune…

Q: Why is the response to T-independent antigens important medically?

A: Importance of T independent antigen medically -- T cells  -- These are type of lymphocyte ,White…

Q: If a B cell receptor does not pass selection, is it better to be self-reactive against a…

A: In the primary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes and spleen, the selection is positive and…

Q: How does a naïve B cell in the lymph node ‘see’ antigen, e.g. by itself or in association with cells…

A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…

Q: Describe how antigen-presenting cells stimulate an increasein the number of helper T cells. Why is…

A: Helper T cell, also called CD4+ cell, T helper cell, or helper T lymphocyte, type of white blood…

Q: How are PRRs different from B- or T-cell receptors? Which is most likely to be involved in innate…

A: Hope it help answer your questions. Let me know if you have any clarification. thank you

Q: How can a B cell have both IgM and IgD on its surface?

A: * B cells produce from lymphoid progenitor cell which develop in fetal liver and later in bone…

Q: What is the activation signal for NK cells? How doesthis differ from the activity of T-cytotoxic…

A: Introduction: Natural killer cells are lymphocytes of the same family as T and B cells. They are…

Q: Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described…

A: Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are gotten from explicit sorts of foundational…

Q: Explain each of the ways that the immune system has a mechanism of control in the development and…

A: Note: As per guidelines, we can answer one question at a time. Ask rest to get answers  Introduction…

Q: Contrast the structure of a B cell with that of a plasma cell, and explain how their structural…

A: B cells also called the B lymphocytes are kind of the white blood cells subtype. They play an…

Q: Patients with DiGeorge syndrome may fail to produce IgG in response to immunization with T-dependent…

A: Introduction:- DiGeorge Syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterised by aberrant…

Q: Why should B cells residing in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues produce IgA?

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are concerned with the Humoral immune response of the…

Q: Why are only very small amounts of antigen injected?

A: Antigens are any foreign substances which evoke immune response in our body as they enters the body.…

Q: Match the antibody class to its correct description. Select the INCORRECT choice. a. IgE / the…

A: Immune system protects the body against foreign antigens and pathogens. Antibodies are proteins…

Q: What immune defense would be most impacted for a patient with a C9 complement protein deficiency? Be…

A: The complement system is a complex network of proteins that play a vital role in the immune…

Q: List the CD4+T lymphocytes lineages? What determines CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation? Which…

A: CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity because they support both cytotoxic T cell and…

Q: What two functions do the follicular dendritic cells provide B cells?

A: Follicular dendritic cells or FDC s are one type of specialized antigen presenting dendritic cell…

Q: What are TLRS? How does this work to ensure to prevent pathogens to cause diseases? Where are the…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of protection in opposition to pathogens, which is…

Q: Immature B cells arriving in the spleen turn over rapidly and require cytokines and positive signals…

A: Immature B cells are progenitors to B cells, which play an important role in preventing…

Q: Explain the typical immunophenotypic features of peripheral B cells in: (i) X-linked…

A: X-linked agammaglobulinemia  also called XLA - is an inherited (genetic) immune system disorder that…

Q: What are two types of long-lived cells derived from the B cell lineage? Where are these cells…

A: B cells are a type of white blood cell that helps the immune system fight foreign invaders including…

Q: hy cannot freeze Human Normal Immunoglobulin injection?

A: Immunoglobulin , which is also known as gamma globulin, is a therapeutic preparation which is…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do…

A: Immunity is the defence  system of the body against pathogens and foreign chemicals . It can be…

Q: Why is the concentration of this ligand for the NK-cell receptor CD94:NKG2A. on the target cell an…

A: The production of distinct activating as well as inhibitory receptors in a manner that stops the NK…

Q: In general, what are consequences of activation of the TH1 arm of the immune response? Activation of…

A: Cell mediated immunity and allergic responses are biological effects that are mediated by cytokines.…