Q: How does mutation related to the traits including diseases that are being inherited by the offspring…
A: Mutation is change in base pairs of the nucleotide sequence and these mutations are spontaneous or…
Q: . Why is Drosophila used extensively for genetic studies?
A: The characteristics which made an organisms particularly good mondel for genetic experimentation are…
Q: When researchers cloned the ey, Pax-6, and AN genes, What did they found?
A: Introduction Pax-6 stands for Paired Box Protein-6. Pax is the group of gene that lead a main role…
Q: Draw a basket mutant embryo. What does basket encode? Why do the mutant embryos have this phenotype?
A: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from mistakes in DNA…
Q: How does the discovery of Epigenetics change our views from Gregor Mendel and Jean Baptiste Lamarck?
A: Epigenetics is the study of how your behavior and environment can cause changes that affect the way…
Q: Explain comprehensively how has Golden Rice been genetically engineered?
A: Genetically modified (GM) foods are food products produced by genetically altered or modified…
Q: What is the advantage and disadvantage of gene repression in development and What does it mean when…
A: Introduction Enhancers are small regulatory regions of accessible DNA that help in the establishment…
Q: What is a fusion protein? How are fusion proteins involved in cloning and expression?
A: Cloning is considered as the process, during which either naturally or artificially the production…
Q: What is the difference between a Knock-In vs Knock-Out experiment based upon a Gene that you are…
A: Knock -out experiment is nothing but deleting a gene or suppressing the action of the gene, so that…
Q: If you were to design an epigenetic experiment, how would you design one? Keep in mind a good…
A: Epigenetics is the gene-level alterations that affect the functioning of DNA without actually…
Q: Why is targeting a medication like BiDil at African-Americans a flawed idea from an evolutionary…
A: The African Americans patients with congestive heart failures and issues were being prescribed with…
Q: What impact does RDT has on genetics and society?
A: Using recombinant DNA technology for the production of genetically modified organisms for commercial…
Q: How have microarrays demonstrated that, although all cells of an organism have the same genome, some…
A: Genetic material is present in the nucleus and controls the inheritance of traits from one…
Q: What techniques might researchers use to create transgenic bacteriathat produce human growth hormone…
A: Introduction Gene cloning is the technique to produce the exact copies of desire gene by utilizing…
Q: Some genes evolve more rapidly than others. But how can this be demonstrated?
A: With the sequencing of genomes of many species, the geneticists are giving a detailed picture of the…
Q: What is geneticengineering?
A: Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification. Use of genetic engineering in agriculture…
Q: Is a mutation more likely to be lethal if it impacts early or late stages in development? Explain…
A: Mutation can be defined as the sudden change that happens in a genome that can be inheritable. It…
Q: Compare and contrast the experimental advantages and disadvantages of Drosophila, C. elegans,…
A: Model organisms are non-human species that are used to conduct experiments in the laboratories as…
Q: why is gene regulation necessary in the development of multicellular organisms?
A: Introduction :- Gene regulation is a process through which , expression of genes is controlled by…
Q: How does methylation affect development in terms of epigenetics, cancer, and general development?
A: Methylation of DNA causes gene silencing means expression is suppressed. Methylation is associated…
Q: Why is genetic imprinting is a major obstacle to the successful cloning of animals?
A: Imprinting is the process by which genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner i.e.…
Q: What was used in experiments to induce mutations in Drosophila in the 1920s? What is Drosophila?…
A: The gene named sc v f led to offspring which are having a different in eye color and found that they…
Q: Prior to the work described here, what was the original purpose ofMorgan’s experiments with…
A: Chromosome theory of inheritance states that genes are found at specific locations on chromosomes…
Q: how to design an experiment to test whether the mutation is on enhancer region or not ?
A: The regulatory DNA sequences that increase the transcription of a target gene are known as…
Q: Why is Drosophila used extensively for genetic studies?
A: The fruit fly or Drosophila melanogaster is used as a model organism for the study of different…
Q: what are the main concern of using embryonic stem cells
A: Embryonic stem cells Embryonic stem cells or ES cells or ESCs are pluripotent cells which are…
Q: Could I get a detail explination on the findings of this repo gene used in the Drosophila embryo?
A: Glial cells are the major cells that regulate the neuronal functions. The changes in glial cells are…
Q: What are modifier genes?
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional units of heredity. They are composed of…
Q: How retrotransposons encode proteins ?
A: Retroviral and retrotransposon genomes are composed of two types of information encoded in different…
Q: How does the discovery of Epigenetics change our views from Jean Baptiste Lamarck?
A: The earth has changed from inorganic to organic forms. Gradually, organisms developed from the…
Q: How is genetic engineering beneficial to plants and animals?
A: Genetic engineering is defined as the processes or techniques required for the alteration of genetic…
Q: How can three transcription regulators during development create eight different cell types?
A: The expression of genes is regulated mostly at the promoter of the genes by the transcription…
Q: You find a new gene and want to know if it is expressed in the nervous system of Drosophila.What do…
A: Gene expression is a process in which the genetic instructions of genes are utilized to manage…
Q: What are mutation breeding?
A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…
Q: How are candidate genes that are identified by positional cloning evaluated to determine whether…
A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…
Q: How does positional cloning work?
A: Positional cloning is a technique used in laboratories for locating the position of…
Q: How would you devise a screen to identify recessive mutations in Drosophila that result in embryo…
A: Fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster, are a good model for studying genetics and were chosen by…
Q: What are stem cells, and what safety mechanism protects them from mutation?
A: Stem cell Stem cells are pluripotent cell that is produced by bone marrow cells.
Q: Describe the construction of knockout mice?
A: A knockout mice is a special type of mouse which is genetically modified in which scientists have…
Q: What would be the effect of deleting the toll gene in Drosophila embryos?
A: What are toll genes? Toll is a maternally required Drosophila gene that encodes a transmembrane…
Q: How scientists solved epigenetic barriers to cloning?
A: Epigenetics is a process of altering the phenotypic structure of DNA or histone proteins without the…
Q: How have we discovered that specific genes control development in an organism like Drosophila?
A: Genetics is a branch of the biology involved in the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity…
Q: What is gene targeting in embryonic stem cells?
A: Introduction Gene targeting in the embryonic stem cells through homologous recombination techniques…
Q: What are the two principal opposing views regarding the patenting of genes?
A: Gene patent is a patent on a specific isolated gene sequence, a natural sequence that has been…
Q: Describe three methods of your choice that are used to study the function of genes during embryonic…
A: The gene regulation and gene function is important to be addressed during the developmental stages.…
Q: What is a gene knockout? Is an animal or plant with a gene knockout a heterozygote or homozygote?…
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…
Q: What is the difference between genetic cleansing and genetic improvement in human development and…
A: 'Nature' is comprised of the interactions of species in a given region with their surroundings and…
Q: In the introduction to this chapter, we discussed the role of famine during early prenatal…
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
What experiments suggested that genes are not lost or permanently altered in development?
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- How have we discovered that specific genes control development in an organism like Drosophila?How would you devise a screen to identify recessive mutations in Drosophila that result in embryo lethality? How would you propagate the recessive mutant alleles?If you were to design an epigenetic experiment, how would you design one? Keep in mind a good experiment should have a strong, testable hypothesis, an overall goal, and expected results. What did agouti mice elucidate about how epigenetics are functioning? How does the structure of DNA change how genes are expressed? What are the different epigenetic modifications and what do they do?
- Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryoWhat is the last name of the scientist who discovered that x-rays can increase the rate of mutation in fruit flies?What is the role played by biophysical properties in mechanisms of morphogenesis?
- Prior to the work described here, what was the original purpose ofMorgan’s experiments with Drosophila?given a situation in which you manipulated a zebrafish embryo by injecting high levels of retinoic acid so that no anterior genes will be expressed. Surprisingly, after embryonic development, you are still able to observed the presence of anterior structures. What could explain this observation? What changes in your experiment would you make to achieve your objective?Most organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn. a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm? b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?
- In the introduction to this chapter, we discussed the role of famine during early prenatal development and how, through epigenetic effects, it influenced the health of individuals as adults. One effect that has been observed in people who were conceived during the Dutch Hunger Winter is that they suffer more cognitive decline later in life. If these individuals were autopsied after death, what differences might you expect to see in the chromatin of their brain cells? What do the mouse studies of cognition and epigenetic effects suggest?What was used in experiments to induce mutations in Drosophila in the 1920s? What is Drosophila? Search online. X-rays was used in the experiment To induce mutationswhat are the main concern of using embryonic stem cells