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What are the equations for chemoautotrophic process and carbon sequestering? What is a CHP sytem?
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- What is meant by the term “chemolithotrophy”? In what wayare chemolithotrophs like plants?How are gibberellins used in plants and why are they used in agriculture? What does it mean when abscisic acid is an antagonist of gibberellins? And What is meant by the terms to “obligate aerobe”, “obligate anaerobe” and “facultative anaerobe”?Is H2S a substrate or a product of the sulfate-reducing bacteria?Of the chemolithotrophic sulfur bacteria?
- Azotobacter vinelandii is being studied for the production of alginate from sucrose. In a continuous culture at 28°C with ammonia as a nitrogen source, the alginate yield obtained was 4 g/g of oxygen consumed. It is desired to produce alginate at a rate of 5 kg/h. As the viscosity of alginate in water is considerable, the energy related to stirring the broth cannot be neglected, and the fermenter is equipped with a Rushton-type turbine. For satisfactory agitation and aeration speed, the estimated energy requirement is 1.5 kW. Calculate the cooling requirement.1(a)What is a psychrotroph? (b)From what natural sources would you isolate a thermophile? A psychrophile? (C)How does temperature affect the growth of a microorganism? (D)State the temperature class for Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus luteus, and suggest their optimum growth temperature. 2 (a)Why is dilution important when determining microbe number? (B)How does a decrease in dye colour intensity affect the microbe ? (C)State the possible sources of error if plate counts and colour intensity of dilutions are incorrect or Precautions taken to prevent this from happening. ( this is not a graded assignment)What mechanisms do free-living diazotrophs use to protectnitrogenase from oxygen?
- What are the optimal fermentation conditions for producing succinic acid, citric acid, and lactic acid (conditions in terms of pH, temperature, nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus), and aeration)?Examine the graph shown below of a liquid culture growth curve for S. pneumoniaegrowing in minimal broth containing both glucose and lactose in equal concentrations as a potential carbon source. Answer the following questions: a) Name the growth phases labelled as I, II and III, explain the observed pattern of growth at each of these stages in the curve b) Where would the concentration of cAMP be low and why? c) In what phase would β-galactosidase be high and why? d) What kind of overall growth pattern does this curve illustrate?What is the role of sulfur in the metabolism of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria?
- What is methanobactin? How bacteria acquire it? Briefly write down the working principle of methanobactin.Ex. 32 = Acid and Neutral Products from Sugar Fermentation: The Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Tests (p. 277) What types of bacteria do these tests differentiate? What is the difference between mixed acid and butylene glycol fermentation? What do negative/positive results look like and what do they tell you about bacterial metabolism?what does a negative result mean in an oxidase test?Select all that applies a)The bacteria may undergo anaerobic respiration b)The bacteria may have a cytochrome C oxidase c)The bacteria may undergo aerobic respiration d)The bacteria will not have cytochrome C oxidase e)None of the anwers are correct