VHL ceases to induce the degradation of HIF-1α under which of the following conditions?      A. Hypoxia       B. Ionizing radiation    C. Hyperoxia     D. UV radiation

Which of the following would inhibit the function of the JAK-STAT Pathway? Multiple answers    A. Inhibition of protein import into nucleus   B. The Ser/Thr kinase inhibitor Staurosporine   C. Treat cells with Interferon   D. Inhibitors of SH2 domain interactions   E. Drug that causes dimerization of STAT3

The autoimmune attack on nAChR leads to a decrease in the number of available receptors due to antibodies binding to the receptors. 2. Where could you find these antibodies binding? Choose ALL that apply. a. effectors of the parasympathetic nervous system b. effectors of the somatic nervous system c. effectors of the sympathetic nervous system d. pre-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system e. pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system f. post-ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system g. post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system PLEASE EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!

Nearly all immune deficiency diseases that result in impaired TH17 and ILC3 function lead to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), usually accompanied by increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections. However, a subset of these patients also show increased susceptibility to intracellular bacterial infections, such as those caused by Mycobacteria species. What is the explanation for why some, but not all, of these patients have increased susceptibility to intracellular bacteria and which patients fall into this category?

Which of the following statements are correct about inflammation and cancer (select all that apply)?   A. Inflammatory cells are often detected in tumor samples   B. The inflammatory cytokine TNF has been shown to have direct transforming properties   C. Cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation   D. Use of NSAIDs has been associated with increased mortality from colorectal cancer   E. Levels of macrophage infiltration in tumors have been negatively correlated with patient prognosis

Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B cells (which only engulf antigens that stick to their receptors).  A. What properties so macrophages and B cells have ibn common that allows them both to activate T cells? B. It has been suggested that macrophages probably do most to fhte T cell activating in the primary response but B cells do most of it in the secondary response. Why does this make sense?

Properdin     A. Splits Factor D into Da and Db   B. Splits Factor B into Ba and Bb   C. Splits Factor H to inactivate the C3 convertase   D. Binds Bb to C3bBb to form the C3 convertase

To what cell-surface receptor does the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein bind? a. What type of genome does SARS-CoV-2 have? Please help explain in less than 5 sentences! Thank you

Suppose a hypothetical "molecule X" binds to hemoglobin (at a different site than the O2 binding site) and stabilizes the T state. How would you identify this effector? a. Positive homotropic effector b. Negative homotropic effector c. Positive heterotropic effector d. Negative heterotropic effector

Which inhibitors specifically target CDK4 complexes? A. p57 Kip2 B. p27 Kip1 C. p21 Cip1 D. p16 INK4A