Using the predicate symbols shown and the appropriate quantifiers, write each English language statement as a predicate wff. (The domain is the whole world.) D(x): x is a day S(x): x is sunny R(x): x is rainy M: Monday T: Tuesday Some days are not rainy.  which one from this group of answes is the right one    a. (∀x)(D(x) ∧ [R(x)]') b. (∀x)(D(x) → [R(x)]') c. (∃x)(D(x) → [R(x)]') d. (∃x)(D(x) ∧ [R(x)]')

Write the following English statements using the following predicates, anyneeded logical operators, and quantifiers if needed. Assume the domain of x is all students and thedomain of y is all states in US.B(x, y): Person x has been to state y. L(x, y): Person x likes state y. a. No one has been to every state in US.d. Alice has been to every state that Bob has been to.e. There is no state that both Alice and Bob have been to.

Convert each of the following argu- ments into formal statements, e.g., define sentences existentially and/or universally quantified statements. Then determine which rules of logic have been applied and explain whether or not they have been ap- plied correctly. if you do the homework you will pass the final. Somebody did not pass the final. Therefore somebody did not not do the homework. If you do the homework you will pass the final. Curly did not do the homework. Therefore Curly will not pass the final. If you don’t do the homework, you won’t pass the final. Moe did the homework. Therefore Moe passed the final.

Let the domain be the set of all animals. Define the following predicates: A(x) : x can add. • W(x) : x can waltz. • D(x) : x is a dog. • C(x) : x is a cat. Translate each of the following logical expressions into English. 1. Vx(D(x) → (A(x) V W(x)). 2. Ex(C(x) A ¬A(x) ^ W(x)) 3. -3x(D(x) ^ A(x)) 4. Vx((D(x) V C(x)). → W(x))

Mathematical Logic. First-order or predicate logic. For each of the following relations, give a formula that defines it in (N;+,∙). The language has equality and has the parameters ∀,+ and ∙. a) {0} b) {1} c) {〈m,n〉| n is the successor of m in N} d) {〈m,n〉| n<n in N} Please be as clear as possible. Thank you.

Develop a system/application in Prolog that will allow grader to: load a set of student’s grades (see samples from the Table C below) query student’s final letter grade (A, B, C, etc.) by a given student’s name. query student(s) whose grade matches to the input letter grade (e.g., A). For example, show student(s) whose final letter grade is A. There are 3 types of grades for each student—HWs, Exams, and Project, with a weight of 20%, 40% and 40%, respectively, to the 100-point final. Table A and B show how the final grades (in points and letter) are computed. Table C shows samples of students’ grades. You will define the execution instructions to answer the following questions so that grader can test out your application in Prolog: how to load your source code to Prolog runtime/compiler how to load students’ grades to Prolog runtime/compiler how to query student’s letter grade how to query student(s) whose letter grade matches to an input letter grade Please DO NOT hard code any…

Let p, q, and r be the propositions p: You started a new video game this week. q: You finished all its quests.r: You didn’t win the platinum trophy.Express each of these propositions as an English sentence.¬p → ¬q(p ∧ q) → (¬r)((¬p) → (¬q)) ∨ (q → (¬r))(p ∧ q) ∨ (¬q ∧ r)

Let D be a set of dogs including the particular dogs Cardie (c) and Duncan (d). Define the following predicates on D: W(x) means "dog a likes walks", T(x) means “dog æ is a terrier", R(x) means "dog x is a Rottweiler", and S(x, y) means "dog a is smaller than dog y" or equivalently “dog y is larger than dog r". Using the first five of the statements below, prove the last statement using quantifier rules. (Translate the statements into symbolic ones before you start.) • Duncan is a terrier. • All terriers are smaller than Cardie. • Cardie is smaller than some Rottweiler. • If a first dog is smaller than a second dog, and the second is smaller than a third dog, then the first dog is smaller than the third. • All dogs like walks. • There is a Rottweiler who is larger than some terrier who likes walks.

The teams is a sports competition are divided into six groups with five teams in each group. Each team plays the other teams in its group once only. Write a Prolog preciate schedule(S) that is true if S is a valid schedule. A schedule lists the fixtures for each day of the competition. In a fixture (A,B), team A is the home team and team B is the away team. A schedule is valid if: • there are no more than three matches on any day, • each team has the same number of home and away fixtures in the whole schedule, and • each team has at least four rest days between fixtures. Ideally the schedule S should be as short as possible, and the predicate schedule should be able to generate multiple valid schedules.

Define the following predicates: • A(x) : x is on the board of directors." • E(x) : x earns more than $100, 000. • W(x) : x works more than 60 hours per week. The domain is the set of all employees of a certain company. Match each English statement with its equivalent logical expression. ? v 1. Everyone who works more than 60 hours per week earns more than $100,000. A. 3x(E(x) ^ ¬W(x)) B. Vx(W(x) → E(x)) C. Ex(¬A(x) → E(x)) D. Vx(W(x) ^ E(x)) E. 3x(¬A(x) ^ E(x)) F. 3x(A(x) ^ ¬E(x)^ W(x)) G. Ex(A(x) V ¬E(x) V W(x)) H. Vx(A(x) → E(x)) I. Vx(A(x) ^ E(x)) 2 v 2. Someone on the board of directors does not earn more that $100.000 and works more than 60 hours per week. ? v 3. Every member of the board of directors earns more than $100,000. 2. v 4. There is someone who is not on the board of directors and earns more than $100,000. ? v 5. There is someone who earns more than $100,000, but does not work more than 60 hours per week.