Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA, levels of CD4+ T cells, and health of the infected human.
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- Illustrate the development of T-cells and B-cells comparing the stages and steps in these two processes. Draw the two schematics side by side to align the comparative stages (progenitors to mature cells) and steps and point out the key common mechanisms and differences if any. This needs to be a labeled drawing please.arrow_forwardDiscuss the differences between conventional T cell therapy and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells.arrow_forward277. Which of the following best describes the reason that the B cell receptor cannot transduce signals to the inside the cell once it binds antigen? A. The receptor requires twice the amount of antigen to be activated because it contains two sites. antigen binding b. lga is rapidly dephosphorylated c. The cytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 3 amino acids. d. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are inflexible moleculesarrow_forward
- Consider the events that occur in HIV infection. I. HIV undergoes molecular self assembly.II. The protein gp120 binds to CD4.III. The HIV genome is incorporated into the host cell genome.IV. Reverse transcriptase is activated.V. The lipid envelope of HIV fuses with the T cell membrane. What is the correct sequence of the numbered events? I > III > V > IV > II IV > II > I > V > III II > V > IV > III > I III > I > II > IV > Varrow_forwardGive ONE example of how a defect in a T Reg cell could lead to an immunological disorder or disease.arrow_forwardImagine a person is born with a genetic mutation, that suppresses the production of MHC I markers. What problems would that create for this person?arrow_forward
- Explain the reason that T-cells are so critical in recognizing and destroying virally-infected host cells.arrow_forwardHow can an extracellular bacterium and an intracellular virus independently be targeted by a particular T cell response? And what is the mechanism of antigen presentation?arrow_forwardDescribe the differences in how an antigen presenting cells (APC) activate a Helper T versus a Cytotoxic T cell.arrow_forward
- Please helparrow_forwardMatch the type or cause of clonal expansion with the correct situation. Use each choice just one time and make the best match. Clonal expansion of B cells because the cells are infected with EBV Clonal expansion of B-cells because these B-cells have B Cell Receptors that recognize a non-self antigen Clonal expansion of T-cells that have a T Cell Receptor that recognizes EBV antigens A. normal adaptive response by the B cells B. part of pathogenesis of mono C. This allows the adaptive immune system to shut down active EBV infectionarrow_forwardIf you come down with the flu, your body will launch an immune attack against the flu virus. During the recognition phase of the adaptive immune response: a an antigen of the virus will be presented by an antigen-presenting cell and be recognized by T-helper cells b B cells will recognize the viral particles and produce antibodies against them c cytotoxic T cells will recognize the virus-infected cells and kill them d antibodies will recognize the viral antigens, bind to them, and attract phagocytes e a T-helper cell will recognize the viral antigen and stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells to dividearrow_forward
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