Use the concept of Hess' Law to determine AH for the process 2X+Z given the following numbered processes: V 2 W AH1 W X + Y AH2 Z- 2Y ΔΗ3 Ε ΔΗ + ΔΗ+ ΔH: ΔΗ +2ΔΗ2-ΔΗ ΔΗ+2ΔΗ2+ ΔΗ3 ΔΗ + ΔH -ΔΗ3

3a) An 68 kg patient is to be given a 2.0 mg/kg body weight IV bolus dose of a newly developed antibiotic drug every 6 hours. Assume the half-life of the drug and its volume of distribution in the patient are 3.2 hours and 0.26 L/kg respectively. (a) Calculate the peak and trough plasma concentrations for the antibiotic after, one dose, two doses, four doses, and at steady state.

Various concentrations of recombinant human insulin were prepared for use standards for an HPLC method. To verify the prepared concentrations, the samples were analyzed by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm in a short path length (5 mm) cuvette. The molar absorption coefficient for human insulin is approximately 5.875 x 10³ M-¹cm-¹. a. Calculate the extinction coefficient in mL mg-¹cm-¹. b. Calculate the concentrations of the following human insulin standards if the measured absorbances and dilutions used are: Standard 1 Standard 2 Abs. (at 280 nm) of Diluted Sample 0.305 0.685 Dilution 145.0 µL sample, 25.0 μL buffer 130.0 µL sample, 40.0 μL buffer

7. (a) Present the Monod equation in the given space below and define each of the terms (e.g., μmax, μ, Ks, and S). (b) Describe how one can simplify the Monod equation in the following scenarios (present the simplified Monod equations in the space provided): S>> Ks S = KS S<< Ks