Two closely related species of bacteriaare found to be fixed for two different electrophoreticallydetected alleles at a locus encoding an enzyme involved inbreaking down a nutrient. How could you test experimentally whether the divergence in enzyme sequences mayhave caused differences in function and fitness?

Q: Which Hardy-Weinberg equation relates the frequencies of the phenotypes for a gene?

A: Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a theoretical situation in which a population is not evolving.…

Q: One issue with interrupted-mating experimentssuch as that in Problem 19 is that gene order may…

A: The data given is  Exconjugant type         Number of exconjugantsArg+ Mal+ Xyl+ Pyr+        80Arg+…

Q: A species of antelope has 20 chromosomes per set. The species isdivided by a mountain range into two…

A: Natural selection is a progressive evolutionary process which is brought about by the alteration in…

Q: In a genomic comparison between humans and yeast, what geneswould you expect to be similar?

A: Saccharomyces cerevisiae  is otherwise called as bakers yeast. It is an eukaryotic organism with…

Q: The results of the fluctuation test (Fig. 7.5) were interpreted to mean that different numbers of…

A: Bacteria are a group of prokaryotic microscopic single celled organisms. They live in diverse…

Q: If, for an observed data set, a specified gene, and two phenotype classes (disease and wild type),…

A: Degree of freedom is the measure of independence parameters of variables. It enables the measurement…

Q: How can recombination cause gene duplication  describe one example of a how a gene duplication…

A: So firstly we are going to learn what is Gene duplication and how it can occur due to formation of…

Q: Sam is working in a genetics lab this summer to gain more hands-on experience before applying to…

A: DNA replication is necessary to ensure genetic continuity and genome inheritance from parents to…

Q: In the experiment described in Figure 4.9, Morgan obtained awhite-eyed male fly in a population…

A: Inheritance is the process of transmitting the traits from parent to offspring. Traits of an…

Q: Besides the reasons listed in this feature,what other reasons would make the peaplant a better…

A: reasons would make the pea plant a better object for genetic study than humans are :

Q: A commercially available strain of P. syringae marketed as FrostbanB is used to combat frost damage.…

A: Recombination is a process of exchanging genetic material between different organisms. This process…

Q: The plots above show the distribution of SNP alleles similar to Neanderthal genomes, in two ancient…

A: ANSWER : The statement that is NOT consistent with the data is:A) The maternal grandmother of…

Q: We used/chose a human Rab protein with no direct yeast equivalent as an “outgroup” for this study…

A: Rab proteins are termed Ras-associated binding proteins. They are membrane-bound proteins and belong…

Q: Considering hybridization in a trait like the color of the flowers of a given plant species (red…

A: This cross shows dominance.

Q: Given that you have an even-skipped mutant (Drosophila) which results in the loss of stripe #5,…

A: The even skipped quality (eve) encodes a homeodomain (HD) record factor expected during Drosophila…

Q: From Table 20-3, would you expect the noncoding mutation g4205a to be fixed before or after the…

A: Mutations are referred to as permanent alterations in the sequence of DNA of an individual. The…

Q: . If you intercrossed F1 heterozygotes of the form A b / a B in mice, the phenotypic ratio among the…

A: Understanding the relationship between genes, their inheritance patterns, and their physical…

Q: If we say that a certain STR locus has “high heterozygosity” in the human population, what do we…

A: Short tandem repeat (STR) markers or "core loci" are required for the entry of DNA genotype data…

Q: Scientists are interested in cloning an extinct animal called the gastricbrooding frog. This strange…

A: The scientists should implement "somatic cell nuclear transfer" technique to clone this species i.e.…

Q: If you wanted to make a mouse model for any of the following human genetic conditions (a–d),…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first three. Please resubmit the question…

Q: In March 2013, the American Journal of HumanGenetics published a report that an AfricanAmerican man…

A: Evolution is a change over the populations that happened gradually. Species can evolve because of…

Q: Why have we chosen a human Rab protein with no direct yeast equivalent as an “outgroup” for this…

A: Rab protein: it plays important role in recruitment of organelle specific vesicles tethering…

Q: How can we detect recent strong selection in the human genome? Explain using the recent positive…

A:

Q: Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LDblock to be associated with people’s preference…

A: Genes are the structural and functional units of heredity that carry coded genetic information in…

Q: Consider the following estimates:(a) There are 7 x 109 humans living on this planet.(b) Each…

A: Answer - a) There are currently 1.4×109 mutations present in the human population. this is…

Q: 66 B 97 77 -Rab39 68 A Rab2 -Rab81.b 57 Rab@1.c Rab81.a 77 C Rabla DULE -Rab14 Rab4b ? F 93 87 D 100…

A: Rab proteins are termed Ras-associated binding proteins. They are membrane-bound proteins and belong…

Q: Recessive maternal effect genes are identified in flies (for example)when a phenotypically normal…

A: Drosophila is usually used for genetic studies in the laboratory. The phenotype of the offspring can…

Q: What characteristic property of translocations causesscientists to believe that these rearrangements…

A: The chromosomal translocation is a natural phenomenon in which a chromosomal segment is moved from…

Q: My son, Declan, has a greater number of Neanderthal variants than either my husband or myself.…

A: Note:- Since you have posted multiple questions, so we will be solving the first one for you as per…

Q: How is it possible for aphids to feed only on thecarbohydrate-rich but nutrient-poor sap of…

A: Aphids are sap-sucking insects, they are small and soft-bodied and survive by sucking the nutrient…

Q: In one General Biology 2 class, there were 51% of the students who could roll their tongue, having…

A: Step 1 The genotype is a representation of the genetic constitution or gene complement of an…

Q: In most cases, the rate of synonymous substitution for a gene is higherthan the rate of…

A: A mutation is an alteration or change in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. Mutations can…

Q: . In 2015, an international team of scientists assembledthe complete genome sequences of two…

A: ROH refers to a region in which the animal is homozygous for all base pairs. These are the regions…

Q: Do the data in Figure 26.13 support the predictions of the neutralmutationhypothesis, or do they…

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. It may be…

Q: In the early 1970s, Igor Dawid and Antonie Blacklerconducted classical experiments that first showed…

A: The phenotype of an organism is controlled by its genes that are inherited from both the parents.…

Q: ''Changes in the coding regions of genes involved indevelopment are primarily responsible for the…

A: The interactions among genes and the climate shape the human turn of events. The healthy…

Q: The disease called phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive disorder in humans that is due to a…

A: in FISH [modernly called probe-target hybridization] we use a fluorescently labelled single-stranded…

Q: Suppose that the seven chromosomes in Figure 18-4arepresent a random sample of chromosomes from…

A: A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains some or all of an organism's genetic material.…

Q: 1a) In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how…

A: Hardy Weinberg equilibrium or principles states that allele frequencies in a population remain…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.