Transcriptional regulation relies on chromatin modifications that affect the physical state of chromatin and the accessibility of genomic DNA to RNA polymerase. This is commonly referred to as epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and it is highly dynamic. Epigenetic modifications vary from cell to cell and vary over time and in response to different environmental conditions within the same cell. Fill in the table below based on your knowledge of the impact of different epigenetic modifications on chromatin structure and transcription. Chromatin/DNA Modification Protei

Transcriptional regulation relies on chromatin modifications that affect the physical state of chromatin and the accessibility of genomic DNA to RNA polymerase. This is commonly referred to as epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and it is highly dynamic. Epigenetic modifications vary from cell to cell and vary over time and in response to different environmental conditions within the same cell. Fill in the table below based on your knowledge of the impact of different epigenetic modifications on chromatin structure and transcription. Chromatin/DNA Modification Protei

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter16: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18RQ: IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of...

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DNA methylation is considered an epigenetic phenomenon because the pattern of methylation can be inherited. Briefly discuss the question of whether histone modifications in chromatin represent an epigenetic phenomenon.
Identify which eukaryotic level of gene regulation is most applicable in the given examples. (Pre-transcriptional control, Transcriptional control, Translational control, Post-translational control) The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase is activated by dephosphorylation and inactivated by phosphorylation. In the fruit fly, genes for rRNA can be replicated more or less often compared to the rest of the chromatin depending on the needs of the cell. In the human beta-globin, two introns are spliced out in order to produce the mature mRNA. DNA methylation can change the degree of condensation of the chromatin.
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes can occur: Group of answer choices at the post-transcriptional level, by changes in mRNA stability. all of these at the post-translational level, by modifications to activate proteins. at the transcriptional level, mediated by specific proteins called transcription factors. at the chromatin level, by changes in the state of condensation of chromatin.
Base on your knowledge of DNA, chromosomes and epigenetics and upon examining the picture below, name two epigenetic factors and at least one non-epigenetic factor present on this picture. [HINT: which of the factors shown on the picture do you expect to change based on the interactions with an environment and which you expect unchanged?] Methyl Group DNA Chromatin Epigenetic Factor Histone Histone Tails Chromosome
Which of these epigenetic changes could lead to reduced transcription of a particular gene? Please make sure to select all correct answer options. decreasing acetylation of histones associated with the nucleosomes of that gene inducing histone modifications that allow the formation of denser nucleosomes in the regulatory region of the gene Oincreasing acetylation of histones associated with the nucleosomes of that gene repositioning the nucleosomes associated to the gene to expose the enhancer and promoter DNA of the gene Uremoving histones to expose the enhancer and promoter DNA of the gene
Regulation of transcription is mediated by proteins that first must bind to specific sequences/elements that are present in DNA. Fill in the table below based on your knowledge of the different sequences and proteins involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Regulatory sequence Category of Protein that Binds Effect on Transcription of Associated Gene Generic or Gene-Specific Regulation? Core Promoter Element Activator Silencer
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments enable researchers to measure the levels of transcription factors, coactivators/corepressors and chromatin remodeling complexes on a specific gene in cells. In the ChIP experiment below, the recruitment of the transcription factor NfkB, Histone Deacetylase Complex (HDAC3) and p300/CBP complex to the Interleukin 12 (IL12) gene at various times (0, 30, 60 and 120 min) after treating cells with LPS are measured. Does LPS stimulate or inhibit transcription of the IL12 gene based on the recruitment of factors to the IL12 gene. Justify your answer by explaining the state of the gene before LPS and after LPS treatment (limit 5-6 sentences).
Consider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?
Refer to the following illustration to answer the question. O protein A is not made because it is normally required for its own transcription TRANSIENT SIGNAL TURNS ON EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN A What is protein A? O a maintenance methyltransferase O a histone PAY O a cell type-specific gene regulator a HAT (histone acetyltransferase) any of the above PAD the effect of the transient signal is remembered in all of the cell's descendants
Possible genetic modifications that can cause epigenetic changes in gene expression include: A- all answers are correct B- histone acetylation C- chromatin remodeling D- histone variant localization e- DNA methylation
Design a transcriptional circuit that regulates the expression of β-galactosidase in a eukaryoticcell, such that the enzyme is produced in the presence of lactose and repressed in the absenceof lactose. Use at least one of the following elements: histone acetyltransferase, histonedeacetylase, chromatin remodeling complex
Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells through, using the following key terms: Degradation of mRNA (two ways) Blocking translation Degradation of the protein

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Chromatin/DNA Modification	Protein Responsible	Effect on Chromatin	Effect on Transcription of Associated Genes
Histone Acetylation	?	?	?
?	HDAC	?	?
Histone Demethylation	?	?	?
?	HMT	?	?
DNA Methylation	?	?	?