There are two variants of the enhancer sequence found in people. One has the sequence CACTAAAG, and this sequence is the binding site for a transcription factor. It is associated with dark hair. The other form has the sequence CGCTAAG at the same binding site for the same transcription factor. It is associated with blonde hair How can this small sequence difference be responsible for the observation that they lead to different rates of transcription and expression of the gene targeted by this enhancer.

There are two variants of the enhancer sequence found in people. One has the sequence CACTAAAG, and this sequence is the binding site for a transcription factor. It is associated with dark hair. The other form has the sequence CGCTAAG at the same binding site for the same transcription factor. It is associated with blonde hair How can this small sequence difference be responsible for the observation that they lead to different rates of transcription and expression of the gene targeted by this enhancer.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter10: From Proteins To Phenotypes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QP: Transcriptional regulators are proteins that bind to promoters (the 5-flanking regions of genes) to...

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a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes? b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the translational level? Explain. c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)
There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).
Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but if H3K4 and H4K20 are also methylated, the combination of modifications stimulates transcription. What conclusions can you draw about this?
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ennar region of gene X, which determines the length of the tail in mice, is mutated so that transcription factors bind it at a much higher affinity compared to the wild-type sequence. What is the most likely phenotypic outcome? Tail length will not change because the enhancer is a non-coding sequence Tail length will increased due to increased activity of the gene's promoter Tail length will decreased because any mutation will cause a loss-of-function of these regulatory regions Not just the tail will be enlarged because increased activity of the enhancer will impact many genes
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Let’s suppose a mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor does not prevent the binding of the glucocorticoid hormone to the protein but prevents the ability of the receptor to activate transcription. Make a list of all the possible defects that may explain why transcription cannot be activated.
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The transcription of a gene called YFG (your favoritegene) is activated when three transcription factors (TFA,TFB, TFC) interact to recruit the co-activator CRX. TFA,TFB, TFC, and CRX and their respective binding sitesconstitute an enhanceosome located 10 kb from the transcription start site. Draw a diagram showing how youthink the enhanceosome functions to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter of YFG.
1. Draw a simplified model of a cis-regulatory element with multiple trans-acting factors up-regulating gene expression. Your simplified model must include: a double-stranded DNA molecule labeled with its appropriate orientation (3' and 5', etc.), an area of DNA highlighting the gene of interest to be transcribed, a highlighted area showing the promoter region, one cis-regulatory element upstream of the promoter with its specific transcription factor • RNApol + a general transcription factor + a TATA binding protein all bound to the appropriate area (think about where these bind before transcription starts), an upstream enhancer with its transcription factor bound to it, • and finally the TSS. All parts must be labeled and in the correct area to earn full credit. **I suggest using different colors for this drawing problem**.
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