The tax professional occasionally is in a position to negotiate with a state or city taxing jurisdiction to garner tax relief for a client as an incentive to locate a plant or distribution center in that geographic area. In times when construction budgets are high and interstate competition is fierce to attract or retain businesses that are making location decisions, such tax concessions can be significant. For instance, to encourage a business to build a large distribution center in the area, community leaders might be agreeable to (1) paying for roads, sewer, water, and other improvements after issuing bonds; (2) reducing property taxes by 50 percent for the first 10 years of the center's operations; or (3) offering interest rate discounts or cash grants for the construction of new facilities. For corporate taxpayers, cash incentive payments received from a government or civic group constitute gross income. An incentive-granting community provides the concessions even though the influx of new workers may place a strain on public school facilities and likely necessitate improvements in traffic patterns and other infrastructure. Consider the position of a large employer that has been located in the area for more than 50 years. By how much should it be willing to absorb the tax increases that result when economic development concessions are used to attract new, perhaps temporary, businesses to the area? Should the employer challenge the constitutionality of the grant of such sizable tax breaks to some, but not all, business taxpayers in the jurisdiction? What should be the rate of "impact fees" assessed on new developments? Does your analysis change if the new business competes with the longtime resident for sales? For employees? For political power?

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. Why might revenues generated from the tax fall short of expectations?   2. Do you think that Philadelphia should or shouldn't have adopted the tax to fund pre-K education?  Support your brief argument with economic concepts covered in the course.   3. Suppose a government wants to use tax policy to persuade people to not consume certain products or services. Suppose, the government has limited resources and can only enforce (or collect) a limited number of taxes. Should that government target goods or services that have an elastic or inelastic price elasticity of demand (ED)? Why?   4. Suppose the goal of a government is to raise as much money as possible to fund governmental services. Should the government target goods and services that have an inelastic or elastic ED? Why?

1) What should companies consider regarding sales tax for online transactions versus in-person transaction. 2) Based on the risk levels you calculated for the zip codes that Dillard’s sells to, what would your recommendation be to Dillard’s regarding purchasing tax software versus using freely available rate tables? 3) Recognizing that the Wayfair decision continues to impact state tax laws regarding online sales, what factors would you take into account for a company that is beginning to embrace online sales and is deciding whether to invest in tax software versus using freely available rate tables?