The proton channel of ATP synthase consists of: 8–14 pairs of α helices. 8–14 a subunits. 7 α helices. 8–14 α helices. 8–14 half-channels.

Q: How many ATPs are there in this triglyceride? Showing NADH and FADH2 calculations and steps

A: Triglycerides broken down into glycerol and three fatty acids containing  12, 16 and 14 carbon atom…

Q: FIGURE 6D CH, — сн,—он NAD* CH-C-H NADH (а) C-OH + C-OH C-OH C-OH C=0 H-C-NH2 H-C-NH2 c=0 CH3 CH3…

A: Proteins that act as a catalyst in the chemical reaction are termed Enzymes. They help in the…

Q: ATP, which is loosely bound to the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase, can be correctly categorized as all…

A: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is considered to be the energy currency of a cell and is synthesized…

Q: Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other…

A: There are numerous metabolic reactions occuring in the body on a daily basis. Among them the process…

Q: 2.1 The Na"/K pump is constantly working to push sodium out and potassium into the cell. What role…

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Q: ATP + H₂0 ➜ ADP + Pi 3Na+ (inside) + 2K+ (outside) AG = -30.5kJ/mol + ATP4 + H₂O → 3Na* (outside) +…

A: Gibbs's free energy, known as free energy or G, is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the…

Q: The enzyme which catalyzes the reaction below belongs to which enzyme classification? C-0- HC=0 +…

A: Enzyme is basically biocatalyst that increase the rate of chemical reaction without itself being…

Q: The phosphoanhydride bond that links two phosphate groups in ATP in a high-energy linkage has a ΔG°…

A: ATP is the primary source of energy of the cell. ATP is made up of an adenosine bound to three…

Q: Given the following reaction, identify the class of the enzyme in CH20-PO, 2- CH,OH он O. OH OH OH…

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed the reactions by decreasing the activation energy of the…

Q: What is the energy charge for the cell with concentrations of [ATP] = 1.000 mM, [ADP] = 10.00 uM,…

A: The energy charge, EC of a cell can be calculated using the formulaEC =  [ATP + (1/2 ADP) ]  /  (ATP…

Q: Describe the changes that occur in each step of the mechanism.

A: Enzymes are high molecular weight proteins that catalyse biochemical reactions.  Proteases are…

Q: c) As oxygen steals 2 electrons from protein complex IV, a chemical (REDOX) reaction starts. Write…

A: The complex IV in the electron transport chain is cytochrome C oxidase. The purpose of this…

Q: 6) a) Why is ATP a "high-energy" compound? (think the ATP structure) b) What are the metabolic roles…

A: ATP is composed of adenine (Base), ribose, and three phosphates. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide…

Q: Give the product of this reaction sequence: NH₂* Bg-CH3 Bg SH Adenosyl-S (cobalamin) H₂C-NH OH…

A: The reactant in the first step is Homocysteine. N5-methyl Tetrahydrofolate (represented as B9-CH3)…

Q: Which of the following statements are true about enzyme regulation via noncovalent interactions?…

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Q: To better understand how the lacR works, let's start let's approximate the volume of a bacterial…

A: The bacterial cell is considered as a cylInder. The equation to find volume of cylinder is ''.

Q: Draw a phosphorylated tyrosine molecule at physiological pH. Assume that the phosphate group is…

A: Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid. It plays an important role in metabolism and the…

Q: Which of the following reactions is catalyzed directly by the enzyme pyrophosphate ? a) Hydrolysis…

A: Pyrophosphatase, also known as diphosphatase enzymes, belong to class acid anhydride hydrolases that…

Q: Which of the following is/are advantages of multienzyme complexes? Which of the following is/are…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the advantages of multienzyme complexes from the given…

Q: A simple enzyme reaction can be described by the equation e + s ↔ es ↔ e + p, where e is the enzyme,…

A: Enzyme is defined as the catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. The role of enzyme…

Q: Draw the complete chemical structure of one ATP molecule at physiological pH. (b) In your drawing,…

A: ATP is the energy currency that a cell spends on metabolic transactions. It is a nucleotide made up…

Q: Comment on Figure 2a and Figure 2b regarding stabilization of the transition state and…

A: From the given energy diagrams; It is seen that the enzyme (E) and the substrate (S) at the start of…

Q: Can you please draw the mechanism of phosphorylation (all intermidiate steps) and indicate which one…

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Q: Draw a mechanism using the general features of a serine protease to explain how inhibitor x might…

A: Inhibitors can be broadly classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors. If the bond…

Q: What is the ∆G naught' for a phosphoryl transfer from ATP to glycerol? The hydrolysis of…

A: The phosphoryl transfer reaction from ATP to glycerol can be represented as: ATP + glycerol → ADP +…

Q: 3. Give the specific enzyme class and first two digits of the enzyme's EC number for each…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time, since you have…

Q: AMP is derived from a reaction involving which of the following? ATP and ADP   ADP and ADP   NAD…

A: Adenosine is a chemical found in human cells and they are of three different forms: adenosine…

Q: Why was it necessary to use phosphoaminophosphohlc (ANP) in the ATP synthase enzyme active site…

A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is energy molecule which is pretty stable in aqueous solutions at pH…

Q: An enzyme active site contains a lysine that acts as through electrostatic catalysis (proximity and…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…

Q: A simple enzyme reaction can be described by the equation e + s ↔ es ↔ e + p, where e is the enzyme,…

A: The Movement of solute mediated by a transporter can be described by a analogous equation :…

Q: Describe the manner of inoculation for different types of tube media.

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms and associated ideas. Microbiology has gone a long way…

Q: Calculate the amount of ATP that be needed to be converted to ASP to pump 1mol of protons across a…

A: Introduction The free energy available from the movement of protons is given by…

Q: ATP works in conjunction with motor proteins (such as cytoskeleton proteins) to make them move by…

A: The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their structure and internal order, and…

Q: During movement, muscle cells require large amounts of ATP to fuel their contractile apparatus.…

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Which of the following is the most probable catalytic triad of an enzyme that follows general acid…

A: The active site of several enzymes has a catalytic trio, which is a group of three coordinated amino…

Q: Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where…

A: The formation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic…

Q: Which one of the following statements about the control of enzyme activity by phosphorylation is…

A: Kinases are enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation reactions, which involves the transfer of…

Q: Reaction R: protein-OH + Pi -> phosphorylated protein + H20 Reaction S: protein-OH + ATP ->…

A: Endergonic reaction: It is a reaction that requires "energy" in the form of ATP to be driven. It is…

Q: A researcher investigates the effect of eight different pH levels on the reactions catalyzed by the…

A: Enzymes are proteins which function as biological catalysts to help regulate chemical reactions.…

Q: mechanism of the reaction please ( please step by step answer please)

A: Example: Mechanism of an SN2 Reaction As an example, let's consider the mechanism of a bimolecular…

Q: The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -7.3kcal/mol. The free energy change under…

A: Given; The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is -7.3 kcal/mole. The free energy change…

Q: Given the following reactions, identify the class and subclass of the enzyme involved

A: The enzyme commission divided enzymes into six different classes. This classification if carried out…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.