The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH, is a weak base. acids: 1.0 mol of HNO, is added to 1.0 L of a 1.0 M NH, bases: O solution. other: 0.2 mol of HBr is added to acids: 1.0 L of a solution that is O. bases: 0.7 M in both NH, and NH Br. other: Explanation Check Privacy Accessibl © 2021 McGraw-Hi Education. All Rights Reserved Terms of Use O OO O O

Write equations to illustrate the acid-base reaction when each of the following pairs of Brnsted acids and bases are combined: Acid Base a.HOCl H2O b.HClO4 NH3 c.H2O NH2 d.H2O OCl e.HC2O4 H2O

When perchloric acid ionizes, it makes the perchlorate ion, ClO4. Draw the Lewis electron dot symbol for the perchlorate ion.

You are asked to determine whether an unknown white solid is acidic or basic. You also need to say whether the acid or base is weak or strong. You are given the molar mass of the solid and told that it is soluble in water. Describe an experiment that you can perform to obtain the desired characteristics of the white solid.

Aluminum chloride, AlCl3, reacts with trimethyl-amine, N(CH3)3. What would you guess to be the product of this reaction? Explain why you think so. Describe the reaction in terms of one of the acid base concepts. Write an appropriate equation to go with this description. Which substance is the acid according to this acidbase concept? Explain.

How would you compare the strengths of two weak acids experimentally? By looking up information in a table or a handbook?

Classify each of the following statements as true or false: aAll Brnsted-Lowry acids are Arrhenius acids. bAll Arrhenius bases are Brnsted-Lowry bases, but not all Brnsted-Lowry bases are Arrhenius bases. c HCO3 is capable of being amphoteric. d HS is the conjugate base of S2. eIf the species on the right side of an ionization equilibrium are present in greater abundance than those on the left, the equilibrium is favored in the forward direction. f NH4+ cannot act as a Lewis base. gWeak bases have a weak attraction for protons. hThe stronger acid and the stronger base are always on the same side of a proton transfer reaction equation. iA proton transfer reaction is always favored in the direction that yields the stronger acid. jA solution with pH=9 is more acidic than one with pH=4. kA solution with pH=3 is twice as acidic as one with pH=6. lA pOH of 4.65 expresses the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution in three significant figures.

Arsenic acid (H3AsO4) is a moderately weak triprotic acid. Write equations showing its stepwise dissociation. Which of the three anions formed in these reactions will be the strongest Brnsted base? Which will be the weakest Brnsted base? Explain your answers.

According to the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases, how do you recognize an acid and a base?

Calculate the concentration of all solute species in each of the following solutions of acids or bases. Assume that the ionization of water can be neglected, and show that the change in the initial concentrations can be neglected, Ionization constants can be found in Appendix H and Appendix I. (a) 0.0092 M HCIO, a weak acid. (b) 0.0784 M C6H5NH2, a weak base. (c) 0.0810 M HCN, a weak acid. (d) 0.11 M (CH3)3N, a weak base. (e) 0.120 M Fe(H2O)62+ a weak acid, Ka=1.6107