1. Pandoravirus salinus is virus that infects amoeba, is very large (1µm) and has a genome composed of double-stranded DNA that is 2.47 Mbp in size (247,000,000 bp). P. salinus has genes not typically associated with viruses, such as genes required for the synthesis of amino acids. In what ways might this force virologists to re-examine the definition of virus?

7) The herpesviruses: a. Have three round of protein translation in its replication cycles, one before genome replication and two after genome replication b. Can have a persistent infection c. None

Explain why the COVID-19 virus has been described as being sporadic, then epidemic and now pandemic. – look up the definitions of sporadic, epidemic and pandemic and relate them to COVID-19

a. Consult table, right-hand column, to determine which viral diseasesyou have had and which ones you have been vaccinated against.b. Which viruses would more likely be possible oncoviruses? Why?

1. Predict the replication step (after it has entered the host cell) for the newly discovered Opiovirus. It has a dsDNA genome. • Draw out your prediction. Include any proteins/enzymes the virus will need to use, bring, or express to carry out the replication. Indicate where it is likely for replication to occur in the host cell.

The advantage of a ____________ sense genome is that RDRP doesn’t need to be carried in the virion for the virus to successfully infect a new cell. The advantage of a ________________ sense genome is that it gives the virus greater ability to differentially regulate its genes

1. If a microorganism cannot be cultivated into pure culture, how will its pathogenicity be established in a host? (KOCH'S POSTULATE) a. What are the general factors that must interplay for disease to develop? b. Why are koch's postulate not useful in determining etiology of a viral disease?

(Endosymbiosis), viruses are suggested to have contributed to cellular nucleic acid becoming DNA instead of RNA. What stages in the viral life cycle could have led to this phenomenon?.