1. Pandoravirus salinus is virus that infects amoeba, is very large (1µm) and has a genome composed of double-stranded DNA that is 2.47 Mbp in size (247,000,000 bp). P. salinus has genes not typically associated with viruses, such as genes required for the synthesis of amino acids. In what ways might this force virologists to re-examine the definition of virus?

Q: Are viruses living or dead? Discuss this question by applying your knowledge of viruses and their…

A: Introduction :- A virus is an infectious microorganism made up of a nucleic acid segment (DNA or…

Q: 19. An investigaor is conducting a study of n outbreak of severe nausea, vomitting and diarrhea…

A: Outbreaks can be defined as a sudden rise in the number of disease cases which occurs when cases…

Q: 1. "List three properties of a virus that might be used as criteria for classification (taxonomy)

A: Virus is a obligate intracellular parasites which requires living host to survive.

Q: Many viruses have the ability to resurrect dead cells. Why would investigating this feature of…

A: Viruses are intracellular obligate parasites in nature. They depend on the host cell for…

Q: 8. To observe bacteriophage in a lab, you would plate dilutions of the phage onto lawns of bacte-…

A: The plaque examine depends on consolidation of host cells, specially in log-stage development, into…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?…

A: viruses need host cell machinery to replicate themselves.

Q: A corona virus of mass (m) jumped from a cell Infected to uninfected cell and at an angle with the…

A: 1) The coronavirus jumps from one infected cell to another uninfected cell at an angle to the…

Q: Which of the following viruses have been used as vectors for gene delivery?

A: Gene delivery is a process of introducing the foreign genetic materials which are DNA and RNA into…

Q: There are three hypotheses about the origin of viruses. Briefly describe each hypothesis.

A: Viruses are organisms that have infectious properties. They cannot be replicated on their own, hence…

Q: Diagram the life cycle for a virus that uses an RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase.

A: Reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that…

Q: True or False- While outside of a host cell, a virus can synthesize its own proteins, but it cannot…

A: A virus is a small piece of genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein coat. A virus…

Q: a. What characteristics of viruses could be used to describe them aslife forms?b. What makes them…

A: A microorganism is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony…

Q: 2. Viruses a. Are viruses living organisms? Why? i. Give the properties of a virus that would…

A: The living world comprises of the Plants, the Animals and the Microorganisms. The microorganisms are…

Q: 6. Variations of the plaque assay can be used to determine the number of animal viruses from a…

A: There are few points about Plaque assay : When treated with the lawn of susceptible cells , a…

Q: "Briefly describe the two modes that enveloped viruses use for entry into their host cells. 2. How…

A: virus are defined as acellular infectious agents that replicate within living cells. There are three…

Q: illustrate the major events in the life cycle of a bacterial and eukaryal ssDNA virus noting, when…

A: Introduction :- Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is a type of DNA molecule that consists of a single…

Q: 8) Label each method of mixing genetic material as belonging to dsDNA viruses, retroviruses, SARS…

A: Genetic recombination is a process of cleaving and recombining genetic material between two…

Q: 3.The protein coating of all viruses is known as a _______________________. The individual subunits…

A: A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that is incapable of independent life and can only…

Q: What are the types of in vitro virus cultivation systems (Choose all that applies)  A. Animal cell…

A: In vitro culture refers to the process of cultivating cells that are derived from the organism in a…

Q: Give a brief account of viruses with respect to their structure and nature ofgenetic material. Also…

A: Genetic material of an organism refers to the DNA molecule present in the nucleus of its cell. DNA…

Q: 13) The end product in case of DNA polymerase during the Lumpy skin disease virus replication is :…

A: The lumpy skin disease is caused by the virus capripox and in this disease the cartels get infected.

Q: Properties of viruses include: a. ability to replicate in any environment b. visibility under…

A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms or…

Q: 1. "Describe how the T‐even bacteriophage attaches and enters the host cells. Which part of the…

A: T-even bacteriophage-tolerant mutants are Escherichia coli strains that can adsorb T-even phages but…

Q: Match the following: a.naked, polyhedral DNA virus b.enveloped, polyhedral DNA virus c.enveloped,…

A: Characteristics of viruses- acellular, can not replicate unless inside of a cell, metabolically…

Q: 4. Write a discussion on the "Structure of Virus". (You may read chapter 17 and any other peer-…

A: Viruses are tiny obligatory intracellular parasites with a virus-coded protein sheath enveloping an…

Q: Compare how retroviruses solve the problem of replicating an RNA genome in a eukaryotic host with…

A: Retrovirus. infectious particles. contains an RNA genome packaged during a supermolecule capsid,…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE:There is strong evidence that the "seeds" for life in this planet might have come from…

A: 1. False 2. True

Q: 1.    Name the three categories of tests that are generally conducted in plant virus disease…

A: INTRODUCTION The plant viruses may cause an major issues in the sustainable agriculture.  In the…

Q: Give an example of each of the following types of viruses a. Double stranded DNA b. Single stranded…

A: Viruses are intracellular, obligately parasitic, non-cellular, sub-microscopic organisms that…

Q: Detection of active viruses in a lab setting depends on: A. Counting virus protein capsids B.…

A: An critical initial step in recognizing live viruses in a lab environment is lysing an infected…

Q: Why is it essential for health care professionals to understand viruses?

A: Viruses are small infectious agents that are incapable of independent life and rely on the host…

Q: In many RNA viruses recombination occur and can be of major evolutionary significance. What is/are…

A: Evolution is change in the heritable qualities of natural populaces over progressive ages. These…

Q: 1. List the sequences of events in lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral infections . 2. Which…

A: 1. The life cycle of the bacteriophages has been a good model for understanding how the viruses will…

Q: Throughout history there are many different types of virus that have caused impacts both small and…

A: Throughout history, we have seen many viruses that impacted us in both positive and negative ways.…

Q: 17. Animal viruses: Describe the replication cycle of a retrovirus like HIV (Human immunodeficiency…

A: Retroviruses are different from other viruses because they contain the reverse transcriptase…

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.