From gene expression studies on cancer, you discovered a hypothetical gene called ABCG2 that is overexpressed in human cancer cells. You want to know if this gene is required for cancer cells to survive, but from your efforts at making a traditional gene knock out, you have found that it is required for embryonic development and can't get to the point of doing a cancer experiment. a. How can you redesign the knockout to get past embryonic lethality? b. How would you then use this mouse line to test if ABCG2 is needed for cancer survival?

Retinoblastoma is an extremely rare cancer of the retina in the eye. The disease mainly affects children up to the age of 5 years because it can only occur while the nerve precursor cells are still dividing. In its nonhereditary form, a tumor usually occurs in only one eye; in its hereditary form, multiple tumors develop in both eyes.To explore the basis for these differences, a cDNA clone of the Rb gene was used to probe the structure of the gene in cells from normal individuals and from individuals with nonhereditary or hereditary retinoblastoma. As shown in the figure Part A, normal individuals have four restriction fragments (A, B, C, and D) that hybridize to the Rb cDNA probe, indicating that each restriction fragment encodes at least one Rb exon. Samples from fibroblasts and tumor cells of affected persons show some differences in the patterns of hybridization, with some bands missing entirely and some bands present at half intensity. The order of the restriction fragments in the…

In selecting target cells to receive a transferred gene in gene therapy, what factors do you think would have to be taken into account?

SCENARIO: You are studying a disease caused when the gene called BMP5 is not transcribed in osteoblasts. All other genes are transcribed normally. To investigate why BMP5 is not transcribed, you create a reporter transgene by putting GFP under the control of the BMP5 enhancer found in diseased osteoblasts. You put this reporter transgene into a normal, healthy osteoblast.-----------------Short Answer Question 4: In the question above, does it matter if the BMP5 enhancer-GFP reporter gene is tested in a normal, healthy osteoblast or in a diseased osteoblast? Why or why not?

mice were treated with a virus that inhibited expression of angiopoietin 2, MMP3 and MMP10 in the lung or with a control virus (Mock). Breast cancer cells that express the gene luciferase were then injected into the mammary glands of the mice. The metstasis of the tumors to the lungs could then be measured by imaging the presence of luciferase in the lungs. In 5-6 sentences, explain the data below and why knockout of Angpt2, MMP3 and MMP10 appears to inhibit metstastasis.

You are interested in studying a novel gene that appears to be involved in cancer. There is no information about the function of this gene. What would you do to obtain the cDNA for this gene? How would you express this gene and what expression systems might you utilize to study its function and why? How would determine the subcellular localization of this gene in eukaryotic cells? What are alternative methods in case one doesn't work? How would you purify and determine the 3-dimensional structure of this protein?

It has been suggested that it would make the study of human diseases easier if cloned transgenic animals were produced that carried faulty versions of human genes (e.g., the gene that causes cystic fibrosis). a. Why would such animals be useful in medical research? : b. What ethical questions are raised by the creation of such transgenic animals?

a. Some antibiotics, such as rifampin, interfere with the function of RNA polymerase. What biological process is rifampin disrupting?     b. Some antibiotic-resistant M. tuberculosis bacteria have a single point mutation (CàT) in the rpoB gene that causes an amino acid change from serine (a polar amino acid) to leucine (a non-polar amino acid). What type of mutation is this? Do you expect this to have no effect, a small effect, or a large effect on the polypeptide produced? Explain your reasoning.         c. The rpoB gene encodes a subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase protein. The point mutation described in Question 2 causes a change in protein folding, which leads to the inability of the rifampin antibiotic to bind to the RNA polymerase. Which level(s) of protein structure is/are affected by this change?

Scientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal pancreatic cells to that of cancer cells from a person with pancreatic cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides.  The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Less p53 activity is found in cancer pancreatic cells than normal cells.  What color would the spot for the p53 gene be on the microarray?  Red Green Yellow Black

siRNAs are used to “knockdown” gene expression in research. Imagine you are a scientist who hopes to study several genes related to cancer. Select all the scenarios you will be able to successfully use RNA interference with the use of siRNAs (select all that apply): Group of answer choices Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to core promoter regions (e.g. TATA box) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the regulatory promoter regions (e.g. enhancers) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to any region of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 5’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 3’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to sites where the histone acetyl transferase will acetylate the histones Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to where the start…