Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Science
Biochemistry
Exchange of GDP for GTP GDP GTP Inactive Ras GDP protein Active Ras GTP protein GTP hydrolysts Cancer-causing mutations that prevent GTP hydrolysis keep Ras protein in the active state. FIGURE 25.12 Functional cycke of the Ras protein. The binding of GTP to Ras activates the function of Ras and promotes cell division. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and P; converts the active form of Ras to an inactive form. EGF receptor EGF Sos Ras Sos GRB2 Ras Raf-1 GDP GTP GRB2 Raf-1 GDP MEK MEK MAPK MAPKB Exposure to EGF Jun Jun -P Myc Fos Myc Fos -P Epidermal cell Pathway off Pathway on FIGURE 25.11 The activation of a cell-signaling pathway by a growth factor. In this example, epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to two EGF receptors, causing them to dimerize and phosphorylate each other. An intracellular protein called GRB2 is attracted to the phosphorylated EGF receptor, and it is subsequently bound by another protein called Sos. The binding of Sos to GRB2 enables Sos to activate a protein called Ras. This activation involves the release of GDP and the binding of GTP. The activated Ras/GTP complex then activates Raf-1, which is a protein kinase. Raf-1 phosphorylates MEK, and then MEK phosphorylates MAPK. More than one MAPK may be involved. Finally, the phosphorylated form of MAPK activates transcription factors, such as Myc, Jun, and Fos. This leads to the transcription of genes, which encode proteins that promote cell division.

Exchange of GDP for GTP GDP GTP Inactive Ras GDP protein Active Ras GTP protein GTP hydrolysts Cancer-causing mutations that prevent GTP hydrolysis keep Ras protein in the active state. FIGURE 25.12 Functional cycke of the Ras protein. The binding of GTP to Ras activates the function of Ras and promotes cell division. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and P; converts the active form of Ras to an inactive form. EGF receptor EGF Sos Ras Sos GRB2 Ras Raf-1 GDP GTP GRB2 Raf-1 GDP MEK MEK MAPK MAPKB Exposure to EGF Jun Jun -P Myc Fos Myc Fos -P Epidermal cell Pathway off Pathway on FIGURE 25.11 The activation of a cell-signaling pathway by a growth factor. In this example, epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to two EGF receptors, causing them to dimerize and phosphorylate each other. An intracellular protein called GRB2 is attracted to the phosphorylated EGF receptor, and it is subsequently bound by another protein called Sos. The binding of Sos to GRB2 enables Sos to activate a protein called Ras. This activation involves the release of GDP and the binding of GTP. The activated Ras/GTP complex then activates Raf-1, which is a protein kinase. Raf-1 phosphorylates MEK, and then MEK phosphorylates MAPK. More than one MAPK may be involved. Finally, the phosphorylated form of MAPK activates transcription factors, such as Myc, Jun, and Fos. This leads to the transcription of genes, which encode proteins that promote cell division.

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter30: Protein Synthesis
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 15P
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question

How would a mutation that prevents the Ras protein
from hydrolyzing GTP affect the cell-signaling pathway in 25.11?

Exchange of GDP for GTP GDP GTP Inactive Ras GDP protein Active Ras GTP protein GTP hydrolysts Cancer-causing mutations that prevent GTP hydrolysis keep Ras protein in the active state. FIGURE 25.12 Functional cycke of the Ras protein. The binding of GTP to Ras activates the function of Ras and promotes cell division. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and P; converts the active form of Ras to an inactive form.
Transcribed Image Text:Exchange of GDP for GTP GDP GTP Inactive Ras GDP protein Active Ras GTP protein GTP hydrolysts Cancer-causing mutations that prevent GTP hydrolysis keep Ras protein in the active state. FIGURE 25.12 Functional cycke of the Ras protein. The binding of GTP to Ras activates the function of Ras and promotes cell division. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and P; converts the active form of Ras to an inactive form.
EGF receptor EGF Sos Ras Sos GRB2 Ras Raf-1 GDP GTP GRB2 Raf-1 GDP MEK MEK MAPK MAPKB Exposure to EGF Jun Jun -P Myc Fos Myc Fos -P Epidermal cell Pathway off Pathway on FIGURE 25.11 The activation of a cell-signaling pathway by a growth factor. In this example, epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to two EGF receptors, causing them to dimerize and phosphorylate each other. An intracellular protein called GRB2 is attracted to the phosphorylated EGF receptor, and it is subsequently bound by another protein called Sos. The binding of Sos to GRB2 enables Sos to activate a protein called Ras. This activation involves the release of GDP and the binding of GTP. The activated Ras/GTP complex then activates Raf-1, which is a protein kinase. Raf-1 phosphorylates MEK, and then MEK phosphorylates MAPK. More than one MAPK may be involved. Finally, the phosphorylated form of MAPK activates transcription factors, such as Myc, Jun, and Fos. This leads to the transcription of genes, which encode proteins that promote cell division.
Transcribed Image Text:EGF receptor EGF Sos Ras Sos GRB2 Ras Raf-1 GDP GTP GRB2 Raf-1 GDP MEK MEK MAPK MAPKB Exposure to EGF Jun Jun -P Myc Fos Myc Fos -P Epidermal cell Pathway off Pathway on FIGURE 25.11 The activation of a cell-signaling pathway by a growth factor. In this example, epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to two EGF receptors, causing them to dimerize and phosphorylate each other. An intracellular protein called GRB2 is attracted to the phosphorylated EGF receptor, and it is subsequently bound by another protein called Sos. The binding of Sos to GRB2 enables Sos to activate a protein called Ras. This activation involves the release of GDP and the binding of GTP. The activated Ras/GTP complex then activates Raf-1, which is a protein kinase. Raf-1 phosphorylates MEK, and then MEK phosphorylates MAPK. More than one MAPK may be involved. Finally, the phosphorylated form of MAPK activates transcription factors, such as Myc, Jun, and Fos. This leads to the transcription of genes, which encode proteins that promote cell division.
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Cell signaling
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:
9781305577206
Author:
Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:
9781947172517
Author:
Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:
OpenStax
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:
9781305389892
Author:
Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS