The aspartate–malate shuttle transfers electrons from cytoplasmic NADH to the electron transport system. Which of the following molecules is not directly involved in this pathway? a. malate b. oxaloacetate c. citrate d. α-ketoglutarate

Q: The unicellular fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the food industry to ferment sugars. The…

A: In animals, Pyruvic acid has two possible fates in the cell:  be oxidised into acetyl CoA and enter…

Q: What is the activated reactant in the biosynthesis of each of the following compounds? a.…

A: a. Phosphoribosylamine is an intermediate in purine metabolism. c. Orotidylate is a pyrimidine…

Q: If 32P-labeled ATP is provides for the reactions of glycosis, which of the following would be TRUE…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that transforms C6H12O6 glucose into pyruvate, CH3COCOO−, and…

Q: Order the following TCA cycle metabolites in the order they appear in the cycle. Not all answers…

A: TCA cycle is Tricarboxilic acid cycle . It is also known as Kerbs cycle or Citric acid cycle. This…

Q: A researcher has recently suggested that Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex could be source for acetate…

A: Introduction: A by-product of yeast alcoholic fermentation is acetate assumes a critical part in the…

Q: Explain the role of the coenzymes NAD + and NADH in each reaction. a. pyruvate-------> acetyl CoA…

A: Coenzymes : It is an organic non-protein compound that binds with an enzyme to catalyse a reaction.

Q: Acute porphyrias are a group of rare disorders characterised by an enzymatic defect in heme…

A: Introduction Acute Porphyrias Are A Group Of Rare Diseases Defined By A Heme Biosynthesis Pathway…

Q: What is the first step in the payoff phase of glycolysis? answer choices A.)Oxidation of…

A: The glycolysis process leads to the breakdown of a six-carbon glucose molecule into 2 molecules of…

Q: During glycolysis there are two hexoses in the pathway. a. What are these two hexoses? b. What are…

A: According to the question, during glycolysis, there are two hexoses in the pathway. We have to find…

Q: Which of the following is the third step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Glucose is converted to…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic process through which glucose is converted into pyruvate. It is an…

Q: Which of the following is/are true about the primary structure of a protein? It does not include…

A: As per the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA contains the code that is necessary for the…

Q: identify the reactions of the citric acid cycle that provide reducing power for the…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the reactions in the citric acid cycle that generate…

Q: The liver converts a variety of pyruvate- forming substances to glucose during starvation. Which of…

A: Glucose is the principal source of energy in organisms. Often other sources of carbohydrates and…

Q: Which of the following enzyme components of fatty acid synthase has/have a thiol group? A.…

A: Introduction: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.…

Q: What kind of reaction is catalyzed by each of the following enzymes? a. citrate decarboxylase b.…

A: An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which…

Q: What do the following pathways provide for fatty acid synthesis?

A: The enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are located in cytosomal fraction of cell. NADPH provides the…

Q: Two of the bypass reactions of gluconeogenesis involve: a   phosphorylation of ADP using phosphate…

A: Introduction: Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose or glycogen from a non-carbohydrate…

Q: Which of the following is the first step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is…

A: Glycolysis is an essential breakdown pathway in the living organism, where the glucose is broken…

Q: a) Describe the differences between citrate and glyoxylate cycles by writing their reactions. b)…

A: TCA cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for fats, carbs and amino acids. Acetyl CoA formed…

Q: 4. Metabolic products can enter the glycolytic cycle at several entry points. a) How many net…

A: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration are processes that both begin with glycolysis, a process of…

Q: Gluconeogenesis may convert the following compound(s) into glucose in the liver: Choose one: - a.…

A: Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway by which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate sources.…

Q: Define the following terms: (2-3 sentences) 1. Metabolism 2. Glycolysis 3. Beta oxidation 4.…

A: Inside the living cells, biomolecules are constantly being synthesized aand trasnformed into some…

Q: Hexokinase is used to do which of the following steps of glycolysis? Select one: a. Glucose is…

A: Glycolysis is an important metabolic process, where glucose is broken down to form two molecules of…

Q: Which of the following produces the highest number of reducing equivalent molecules per mole of a…

A: In bichemistry, reducing equivalent refers to the chemical species which transfer the equivalent of…

Q: The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following (note - select…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a different technique of metabolising glucose. It is divided…

Q: Which of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle?

A: The Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a…

Q: When completely metabolized, a hexose molecule yields the energy of 36 ATP molecules. Which step of…

A: Cellular respiration is a process in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy that…

Q: In the 1step of the 2-step reaction shown below, which substrate/co-substrate is being oxidized?…

A: The above reaction is a part of beta oxidation of fatty acid  process.

Q: Match the coenzymes and/or substrates with their corresponding glycolytic enzymes. Note that an…

A: Coenzyme is the non protein compound that is necessary for Enzyme functioning. Substrate is the…

Q: the reaction catalyzed by glyceradehyde 3-phosphate dehydrigenase is based on NAD+ and a active site…

A: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme of molecular weight 37 kDa. This enzyme helps…

Q: Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase is used to do which of the following steps of glycolysis

A: The metabolic pathway where glucose is converted into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. These…

Q: The sources of the three (3) carbons in malonyl-Coa is/are: a. 1 C from C02 and 2 C from acetyl-CoA…

A: Malonyl-CoA is one of the major molecules and are involved in fatty acid biosynthesis .

Q: FAD is reduced in which of the following reactions/transformations in the Krebs cycle? a. Succiny|…

A: The tricarboxylic acid process is the primary energy source for cells and an essential component of…

Q: Explain why the hydrolysis of the following compounds releases energy.    A. phosphoenol pyruvate…

A: Chemical energy is a type of potential energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds. Chemical energy…

Q: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is used to produce ATP. Which of the two phosphates of 1,3-…

A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation…

Q: Suggest a name for an enzymes that catalyzes each of the following reactions. 1. Hydrolysis of…

A: Enzymes are nothing but proteins which will acts as catalysts. They are in charge of accelerating…

Q: Match the description with the correct enzyme : v Serves a as a direct link between citric acid…

A: Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle—that generate ATP. The majority of the ATP produced during the…

Q: a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate…

A: Glycolysis is the catabolic process where the six-carbon glucose is converted into three-carbon…

Q: Gluconeogensis uses nearly all of the same enzymes as those in ____, and is a(an) ______ reaction.…

A: The oxygen is required in the aerobic respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP. This aerobic…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.