The article "Nutrient Deprivation Improves Field Performance of Woody Seedlings in a Degraded Semi-arid Shrubland" (R. Trubata, J. Cortina, and A. Vilagrosaa, Ecological Engineering, 2011:1164–1173) presents a study that investigated the effect of varying the type of fertilizer on the height of certain Mediterranean woody tree species. In one experiment, three samples, each consisting of ten trees, were grown with three different fertilizers. One, the control group, was grown with a standard fertilizer. Another was grown with a fertilizer containing only half the nutrients of the standard fertilizer. The third was grown with the standard fertilizer to which a commercial slow-release fertilizer had been added. Following are the heights of the trees after one year. These data are consistent with the means and standard deviations reported in the article. Fertilizer Control Height 17.9 12.2 14.9 13.8 26.1 15.4 20.3 16.9 20.8 14.8 Deficient 7.0 6.9 13.3 11.1 11.0 16.5 12.7 12.4 17.1 9.0 Slow- 19.8 20.3 16.1 17.9 12.4 12.5 17.4 19.9 27.3 14.4 release Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for the P-value. Can you conclude that the heights differ among the types of fertilizer? a. b.

In a bumper test, three test vehicles of each of three types of autos were crashed into a barrier at 5 mph, and the resulting damage was estimated. Crashes were from three angles: head-on, slanted, and rear-end. The results are shown below. Research questions: Is the mean repair cost affected by crash type and/or vehicle type? Are the observed effects (if any) large enough to be of practical importance (as opposed to statistical significance)?  5 mph Collision Damage ($) Crash Type Goliath Varmint Weasel Head-On 700 1,700 2,280   1,400 1,650 1,670   850 1,630 1,740 Slant 1,430 1,850 2,000   1,740 1,700 1,510   1,240 1,650 2,480 Rear-end 700 860 1,650   1,250 1,550 1,650   970 1,250 1,240     (d) Perform Tukey multiple comparison tests. (Input the mean values within the input boxes of the first row and input boxes of the first column. Round your t-values and critical values to 2 decimal places and other answers to 1 decimal place.) Post hoc analysis for…

Refer to Exercise 8.S.6. Analyze these data using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

23.2 Aerosolized Vaccine for Measles. An aerosolized vaccine for measles wwas (pages 530 and 532). process developed in Mexico and has been used on more than 4 million children since 1980, Aerosolized vaccines have the advantages of being able to be administered by people without clinical training and do not cause injection-associated infec tions. Despite these advantages, data about efficacy of the aerosolized vaccines against measles compared to subcutaneously injection of the vaccine have been inconsistent. Because of this, a large randomized controlled study was conducted using children in India. The primary outcome was an immune response to measles measured 91 days after the treatments. Among the 785 children receiving the sub- cutaneous injection, 743 developed an immune response, while among the 775 children receiving the aerosolized vaccine, 662 developed an immune response. (a) Compute the proportion of subjects experiencing the primary outcome for both the aerosol and…