Suppose that the Bank of Canada wants to implement a monetary policy aimed at pushing up the rate of interest prevailing in the economy. Use the appropriate panel of the figure to assist in explaining whether the Bank of Canada should buy or sell existing bonds 1.) Using the line drawing tool, draw either a new demand curve (D₂) or a new supply curve (S₂) that shows how the Bank of Canada's buying or selling of existing bonds could push up the prevailing rate of interest. Properly label your line. 2) Using the pa tool

The Federal Reserve and the money supply Suppose the money supply (as measured by checkable deposits) is currently $300 billion. The required reserve ratio is 25%. Banks hold $75 billion in reserves, so there are no excess reserves.   The Federal Reserve (“the Fed”) wants to decrease the money supply by $32 billion, to $268 billion. It could do this through open-market operations or by changing the required reserve ratio. Assume for this question that you can use the simple money multiplier.   If the Fed wants to decrease the money supply using open-market operations, it should   ______(buy/sell) $_________    billion worth of U.S. government bonds.   If the Fed wants to decrease the money supply by adjusting the required reserve ratio, it should ______(increase/decrease)   the required reserve ratio. THis is one question . please answer with an explanation.

Changes in the money supply The following graph represents the money market for some hypothetical economy. This economy is similar to the United States in the sense that it ha a central bank called the Fed, but a major difference is that this economy is closed (and therefore does not have any interaction with other world economies). The money market is currently in equilibrium at an interest rate of 4% and a quantity of money equal to $0.4 trillion, designated on the graph by the grey star symbol. INTEREST RATE (Percent) 6.0 5.5 5.0 45 4.0 35 3.0 25 20 0 Money Demand 0.1 Money Supply 0.2 03 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 MONEY (Trillions of dollars) 08 4 New MS Curve New Equilibrium Ⓒ image 1 Suppose the Fed announces that it is lowering its target interest rate by 75 basis points, or 0.75 percentage points. To do this, the Fed will use open- market operations to the money by the public. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the previous graph to illustrate the effects of this policy by placing the…

6. Targeting the money supply or interest rates The following graph shows an increase in the demand for money from 2020 (MD2020 to 2021 ( MD202) caused by an increase in aggregate output. The initial equilibrium interest rate in 2020 was Suppose the Federal Reserve (the Fed) chooses not to alter the money supply between 2020 and 2021. On the following graph, use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money that would result from this lack of intervention. NOMINAL INTEREST RATE (Percent) 6.50 Money Supply 6.25 6.00 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.00 4.75 4.50 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 14 1.5 QUANTITY OF MONEY (Trillions of dollars) MD 2021 MD 2020 No Intervention New MS Curve + With Intervention Suppose the Fed wants to keep 2021 interest rates at their 2020 level. On the previous graph, place the green line (triangle symbols) to indicate the new money supply curve if the Fed follows this policy. Then use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the…

Monetary policy: Monetary policy refers to the use of interest rates and other monetary tools by the central bank to influence the economy. In the case of a severe negative supply shock, the central bank may lower interest rates to stimulate borrowing and investment, which can boost demand and offset the reduction in supply. However, this may lead to inflation if the increased demand leads to higher prices, which can further erode the purchasing power of consumers.            Explain this graphically please.

M7

Suppose Federal Reserve wants to reduce money supply. How could Federal Reserve reduce money supply through the open market operations? Show your answers in a diagram. Your diagram should also show interbank loans. To reduce money supply, should Fed increase or decrease Fed funds rate? For the Fed Funds rate, who is a borrower? Who is a lender? For the discount rate, who is a borrower? Who is the lender?

2. Outline the three monetary policy instruments the fed can implement if its objective is to cool off an economy suffering from high inflation.

What are the three instruments of monetary control? Explain. Why does the Federal Reserve prefer to use open market operations? Explain. How can the Federal Reserve use its open market operations to expand or contract the nation’s money and credit supply? Explain in some detail. Describe the workings of the Federal Open market Committee which controls monetary policy. Give a detailed account of how monetary policy works to change interest rates, aggregate demand, and the macroeconomy.

"If a central bank's desired intermediate target is a monetary aggregate (money supply), then its policy instrument will most likely be a reserve aggregate variable like the monetary base." Explain this based on the conduct of monetary policy in practice.