ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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- 4. Suppose in 1977 Honda and Toyota each have to decide whether to build an automobile plant in the North American market. The payoff matrix below shows Honda's payoff on the left, and Toyota's on the right. Is there a Nash equilibrium? If so, where, and how do you know? Тoyota Build small Don't build anything plant Build small 16, 16 20, 15 Honda plant Don't build anything 15, 20 18, 18arrow_forwardConsider a sequential-move game in which an entrant is considering entering an industry in competition with an incumbent firm. If the entrant does not enter ("Out"), the incumbent firm earms a payoff of 10, while the entrant earns a payoff of 0. If the entrant enters ("In"), then the incumbent can either accommodate or fight. If the incumbent accommodates, both eamn a payoff of 5. If the incumbent fights, then the entrant can either leave the industry ("Withdraw") or remain in it ("Stay"). If the entrant stays, both earn a payoff of -5. If the entrant withdraws, the entrant earns a payoff of - 1, and the incumbent earms a payoff of 8. The extensive form of the game is depicted in the following figure, where the payoffs are of the form (Entrant Payoff, Incumbent Payoff). Entrant In Out Incumbent Accommodate Fight O Entrant (5,5) (0,10) Stay Withdraw (-5,-5) (-1,8)arrow_forwardTwo competing firms are each planning to introduce a new product. Each will decide whether to produce Product A, Product B, or Product C. They will make their choices at the same time. The resulting payoffs are shown to the right. Are there any Nash equilibria in pure strategies? If so, then what are they? O A. The Nash equilibria are for both firms to introduce Product B and for both firms to introduce Product A. O B. The Nash equilibria are for Firm 1 to introduce Product B and Firm 2 to introduce Product C and for Firm 1 to introduce Product C and Firm 2 to introduce Product B. O C. The Nash equilibria are for Firm 1 to introduce Product A and Firm 2 to introduce Product B and for Firm 1 to introduce Product B and Firm 2 to introduce Product A. O D. The Nash equilibria are for Firm 1 to introduce Product A and Firm 2 to introduce Product C and for Firm 1 to introduce Product C and Firm 2 to introduce Product A. There are no Nash equilibria. O E. If both firms use maximin strategies,…arrow_forward
- 15. Consider two competing firms, JR and OG. Suppose OG produces an estab- lished product and JR can either produce a clone or a differentiated product. If JR produces a clone, OG can either sue JR or not sue it. If JR produces a differentiated product rather than a clone, OG can either buy JR or not buy it. The two firms are in a non-cooperative game whose extensive form is rep- resented in the tree diagram below, where the payoffs on the right represent profits. -1 for OG 1 for JR sue OG don't -2 for OG clone sue 1 for JR JR don't clone 1 for OG -1 for JR buy OG don't buy 2 for OG 0 for JR If the two firms' managers are rational and recognize each other as rational, then (a) JR clones and OG sues (b) JR does not clone and OG buys (c) JR does not clone and OG does not buy (d) JR clones and OG does not sue (e) JR clones and OG sues with probability .5arrow_forward1. Two soap producers, the Fortnum Company and the Maison Company, can stress either newspapers or magazines in their forthcoming advertising cam- paigns. The payoff matrix is as follows: Maison Company Stress newspapers Stress magazines Stress newspapers $8 mm, $9 mm $7 mm, $8 mm Fortnum Company Stress magazines $9 mm, $8 mm $8 mm, $7 mm. a. Is there a dominant strategy for each firm? If so, what is it? b. What will be the profit of each firm? c. Is this game an example of the prisoner's dilemma?arrow_forward1. From the New York Times: In a "noncooperative game [...] [players] cannot convey intentions to each other." Do you agree? Discuss briefly. 2. In any competitive game there exists a unique strategy profile that is a Nash equi- librium. True or false? 3. Consider a normal-form game. Let al such that Va-Ja : w (a), a-) < w (à, a-). Prove or disprove that a is never a best-response. 4. A subgame perfect equilibrium of the Stackelberg game is also a Nash equilibrium of the game in which players choose their quantities simultansously. True or false? 5. Consider an infinitely repeated normal-form game. Formulate a condition under which all players playing grim trigger strategies constitutes a subgame perfect equi- librium. 6. Provide an example where grim trigger strategies do not constitute a subgame per- fect equilibrium.arrow_forward
- Pictech Pricing High Low High 8, 8 4, 13 Flashfone Pricing Low 13, 4 7,7 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Flashfone prices low and Pictech prices high, Flashfone will earn a profit of $13 million, and Pictech will earn a profit of $4 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Flashfone and Pictech are both profit-maximizing firms. If Flashfone prices high, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses a v price, and if Flashfone prices low, Pictech will make more profit if it chooses price. price, and if Pictech prices low, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses If Pictech prices high, Flashfone will make more profit if it chooses a price. a dominant strategy for both Flashfone and Pictech. Considering all of the information given, pricing low If the firms do not collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? O Flashfone will choose a high price, and Pictech will choose a low price. O Both Flashfone and Pictech will choose a high price. O Both…arrow_forwardAmazon faces the other group (Other), which consists of e-book manufacturers other than Amazon, in a game in which the players choose a format (either Amazon's format, AZW, or the other group's format, EPUB), as the profit matrix shows. Other What are the pure-strategy Nash equilibria if the firms choose their formats simultaneously and are free to choose either format? Is there a mixed-strategy equilibrium? AZW EPUB Determine the pure-strategy Nash equilibria for this game. 3 -3 A. The Nash equilibria are for Amazon and the other group to select the same format. AZW O B. The Nash equilibrium is for Amazon and the other group to select the AZW format. O C. The Nash equilibrium is for Amazon and the other group to select the EPUB format. Amazon O D. This game has no Nash equilibria. -3 O E. The Nash equilibria are for Amazon and the other group to select different formats. EPUB Determine the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium for this game. The mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is for Amazon…arrow_forwardWhich of the following accurately describes a player's strictly dominant strategy? O It is a strategy that is better than all the player's other strategies, no matter what the other players do. There is always at least one player who has one in every game.. O It is the strategy a player uses in the Nash equilibrium of a game. Since a Nash equilibrium always exists, players always have a strictly dominant strategy. O It is a strategy that is better than all the player's other strategies, no matter what the other players do. A player may or may not have one. O It is a strategy that is better than all the player's other strategies, no matter what the other players do. Every player has a dominant strategy in every game.. O It is the strategy a player uses in the Nash equilibrium of a game. Since a Nash equilibrium may not exist, players may not always have a strictly dominant strategy.arrow_forward
- Can you assist with all questions please?arrow_forward12. An important characteristic of a dominant strategy is that: Select one: a. it is the best strategy to dominate your opponents b. it always leads to a Nash equilibrium where all players equally well off c. it can prevent the game reaching a Nash equilibrium d. it is the best strategy for a player, regardless of whatever strategy the opponent choosesarrow_forward◄ Search 12:47 PM Sun Nov 12 ← Note Nov 12, 2023 Uptown's price strategy The Nash equilibrium occurs when High Low LED RareAir's price strategy High $12 $15 The more favorable outcome would be for $12 Tt ✪ $6 B Low $6 D $8. $15 $8 S O both firms have an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the dominant strategy of cell A. 92% neither firm has an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the dominant strategy of cell D. O one firm consistently has an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the high-price strategy of cell B. O one firm consistently has an incentive to deviate from this strategy given the strategy of the competing firm. It is shown by the high-price strategy of cell C. O the firms to collude and use the high-price strategy but this strategy requires cooperation. O one firm to take the lead and let the…arrow_forward
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