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Suppose a government organization reported the accompanying data on the number of speed-related crash fatalities during holiday periods for the years from 1994 to 2003.
Speed-Related Fatalities
Holiday Period
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
New Year's Day
143
144
176
76
219
138
171
134
210
70
Memorial Day
195
176
185
197
138
183
156
190
188
181
July 4th
178
219
202
179
169
178
219
64
234
184
Labor Day
189
188
166
179
162
171
180
138
202
189
Thanksgiving
212
198
218
210
203
168
187
217
210
202
Christmas
152
129
66
183
134
191
155
210
60
198
(a)
Calculate the standard deviation for the New Year's Day data. (Round the answer to three decimal places.)
(b)
Without calculating the standard deviation of the Memorial Day data, determine whether the standard deviation for the Memorial Day data would be larger or smaller than the standard deviation of the New Year's Day data.
larger
smaller
(c)
Memorial Day and Labor Day are holidays that always occur on Monday and Thanksgiving always occurs on a Thursday, whereas New Year's Day, July 4th, and Christmas do not always fall on the same day of the week every year. Based on the given data, is there more or less variability in the speed-related crash fatality numbers from year to year for same day of the week holiday periods than for holidays that can occur on different days of the week? Support your answer with appropriate measures of variability. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)
The standard deviations for Memorial Day, Labor Day, and Thanksgiving are , , and , respectively. The standard deviations for New Year's Day, July 4th, and Christmas are , , and , respectively. The standard deviations for the same day of the week holidays are all than all of the standard deviations for the holidays that can occur on different days of the week. There is variability for the holidays that always occur on the same day of the week.
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