Suppose a company borrows $1 million debt to invest in a project that generates uncertain future cash flow (revenue) of 0~$2 million (when debt is due). The debt has to be repaid (interest rate is zero) when the project's cash flow is realized. Assume 46% of the cash flow (revenue) is lost upon bankruptcy (i.e., when debtholders control the firm). Also, assume that renegotiations are allowed and the manager may be allowed to stay if debtholders find it better than firing. Instead of equal bargaining power, if borrower has full bargaining power (borrower gets 100% of renegotiation), at what company cash flow does strategic default start to occur? 1.46 million 1.0 million 1.97 million 1.85 million

Assume that $500 million of Power’s long-term debt is due and the board of directors are meeting to discuss a proposed plan of retiring the $500 million of long-term debt and replace it with additional common stock. It is estimated that the issuance of additional stock will increase the market capitalization by $500 million. What would be the effect of these plans on Power’s Altman Z-score and its perceived risk of bankruptcy had the plan been executed just before the end of 2018? Discuss, and provide calculations to support your analysis.

Softek Corporation forms a separate legal entity, Startek, to develop new technology. The entity is funded by $2,000,000 in outside equity and $26,000,000 in debt. Softek guarantees Startek's debt. The entity is expected to generate the following cash flows at the end of two years: Cash Flow Probability $14,520,000 0.50 42,350,000 0.20 60,500,000 0.30 A discount rate of 10 percent is appropriate. Required Assume qualitative analysis of Startek's VIE status is inconclusive. Quantitatively analyze whether Startek is a variable interest entity. Instructions: Use negative signs with your answers, when appropriate. • Enter $ answers in millions ($11,000,000 equals $11 million). • Enter Probability answers using decimals. Expected Present Cash Flow Value Probability Expected Investment Residual Expected Fair Value Returns S PV Gains $ $ Expected Losses

Dark Creek Corporation's CEO is selecting between two mutually exclusive projects. The company is obligated to make a $3,700 payment to bondholders at the end of the year. To minimize agency cost, the firm's bondholders decide to use a bond covenant to stipulate that the bondholders can demand an additional payment if the company chooses to take on the high-volatility project. How much additional payment to bondholders would make stockholders indifferent between the two projects? Cash flows pertaining to the two projects are shown in the table below. Economy Probability Low-Volatility Project Payoff High-Volatility Project Payoff $2,900 $4,000 4,800 Bad 40 Good .60 6,300 O $1366.67 O $1166.67 O $1300.00 O $1233,33

Overnight Publishing Company (OPC) has $2.7 million in excess cash. The firm plans to use this cash either to retire all of its outstanding debt or to repurchase equity. The firm's debt is held by one institution that is willing to sell it back to OPC for $2.7 million. The institution will not charge OPC any transaction costs. Once OPC becomes an all-equity firm, it will remain unlevered forever. If OPC does not retire the debt, the company will use the $2.7 million in cash to buy back some of its stock on the open market. Repurchasing stock also has no transaction costs. The company will generate $1,320,000 of annual earnings before interest and taxes in perpetuity regardless of its capital structure. The firm immediately pays out all earnings as dividends at the end of each year. OPC is subject to a corporate tax rate of 22 percent and the required rate of return on the firm's unlevered equity is 13 percent. The personal tax rate on interest income is 20 percent and there are no…

Hastings Corporation is interested in acquiring Vandell Corporation. Hastings Corporation estimates that if it acquires Vandell Corporation, synergies will cause Vandell’s free cash flows to be $2.3 million, $2.9 million, $3.4 million, and $3.79 million at Years 1 through 4, respectively, after which the free cash flows will grow at a constant 5% rate. Hastings plans to assume Vandell’s $10.29 million in debt (which has a 7.4% interest rate) and raise additional debt financing at the time of the acquisition. Hastings estimates that interest payments will be $1.6 million each year for Years 1, 2, and 3. After Year 3, a target capital structure of 30% debt will be maintained. Interest at Year 4 will be $1.431 million, after which the interest and the tax shield will grow at 5%. Vandell currently has 1.5 million shares outstanding and a target capital structure consisting of 30% debt; its current beta is 1.10 (i.e., based on its target capital structure). Vandell and Hastings each have a…

(b) Iron Corporation currently has no debt on its balance sheet. Iron's marginal tax rate is 30% and the cost of debt is 7%. () If Iron were to issue sufficient debt to reduce its taxes by $100 million per year permanently, how much debt would Iron need to issue? What would be the value of the tax shield? (i) Iron plans to borrow $5 billion on a permanent basis through a leveraged recapitalization in which they would use the borrowed funds to repurchase outstanding shares. Investors pay a tax rate of 35% on their interest income and 15% on their income from capital gains and dividends. Calculate the present value of the interest tax shield from this recapitalization from an investor's perspective.

Martin Company has complied the following information about it capital structure estimated costs of new financing: Source of Capital Long-term debt Preferred Stock Common Equity Book Value ($) 2,000,000 500,000 1,500,000 Market Value ($) 1,800,000 600,000 3,600,000 After-tax cost (%) 7 12 16 The company expects to have a significant amount of retained earnings available and does not expect to sell any additional common stock. (a) What is the firm's WACC, using book value weights? (b) What is the firm's WACC, using market value weights?