Subject: Microbiology The author of a general biology textbook writes in reference to the development of antibiotic resistance, “The speed at which bacteria reproduce ensures that sooner or later a mutant bacterium will appear that is able to resist the poison.” How might this mutant bacterial cell appear? Do you agree with the statement? Does this bode ill for the future use of antibiotics?
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- The author of a general biology textbook writes in reference to the development of antibiotic resistance, “The speed at which bacteria reproduce ensures that sooner or later a mutant bacterium will appear that is able to resist the poison.” How might this mutant bacterial cell appear? Do you agree with the statement? Does this bode ill for the future use of antibiotics?
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- A 65 year old patient undergoes a hernia repair surgery. He receives a polypropylene mesh implant that prevents hernia recurrence. The healing goes well, but four weeks after the surgery he develops fever and sense of discomfort at the surgery site. On a physical examination, there is skin redness and fluctuating mass (palpable mass filled with fluid) around the incision. The doctor suspects that mesh got infected and plans mesh removal surgery. 1) Describe the sequence of local events during wound healing after the implantation of the mesh. For each of the stages of the wound healing process, specify cells that are involved, their role(s), signal molecules that are involved, and their roles.A recent study found that 480 Streptomyces strains freshly isolated from the soil are resistant to at least six different antibiotics. In fact, some isolates are resistant to 20 different antibiotic drugs.Why do you think these bacteria (which are neither pathogenic nor exposed to human use of antibiotics) are resistant to so many drugs? What might be the implications for human bacterial pathogens?The discovery and mass-production of antibiotics has triggered a revolution in medicine, decreasing hospitalization times, shortening the course of diseases, and ultimately increasing peoples' lifespans. However, soon after the first major antibiotic, penicillin, was put into widespread use around 1940, people soon found that some bacteria were tougher to kill, which were the first signs of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Over the years bacteria have been able to develop resistance against many different types of antibiotics, and some bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to almost every antibiotic in use today. Antibiotic resistance has become so severe that in 2014 the World Health Organization published a report that speculated of a "post-antibiotic era" where antibiotics were no longer a main method of disease treatment. In this week's forum, please read summary of the World Health Organization's report (linked here and in the…
- C. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died. 1 2. What was Fleming's hypothesis? Compilation of Biochemistry Laboratory Activities Prepared by FAVillenas and EVSamaniego 3 Identify the problem. 4 5. How was…C. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died. 1. Identify the problem. 2. What was Fleming's hypothesis? 3. How was the hypothesis tested? 4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the…Bacterial species that are harmful, as well as others that are beneficial, are found living in the human body. To slow the rate of developing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, physicians are being encouraged to use "narrow-spectrum" antibiotics- those that target only a few bacterial types. How can the information learned by antibiotic sensitivity testing be used by physicians who must choose antibiotics that inhibit the growth of bacteria causing disease but that do not interfere with beneficial bacteria?
- How can i explain my answers in depth in microbology for example this question: Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transferred via conjugation, in the other case it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it most likely that the transferred DNA will remain and be able to function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answer . How do I break down the question so I answer it fullyWhich of these statements is true? An antibiotic is any substance produced by a organism that is antagonistic to the growth of prokaryotes An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of other viruses An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of eukaryotic cells An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that prevents growth of the same prokaryote.Explain Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment (the 1940's) with capsule forming bacteria (smooth) and non-capsule forming bacteria (rough). What did this classic experiment demonstrate?Why would a rapidly growing bacterial cell be killed by an antibiotic that blocks DNA replication? Suppose the bacteria form a biofilm on a catheter in a patient. Why might the bacteria have become resistant to the antibiotic?
- The most selectively toxic antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because ________. Group of answer choices bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage9) Identify most mistaken (wrong) choice: a) Bioremediation is the process by which microorganisms can be used to clean up toxic wastes. Ob) Some bacteria can survive very low temperatures. c) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have ways of protecting themselves against free radicals. d) Viruses can easily replicate in chemically defined mediaAntibiotic resistant bacteria have become a major concern for many public health officials. Widespread use of antibiotics has created an evolutionary pressure on infectious bacteria to develop immunity to these medications. The result is an increase in antibiotic resistant microbes, particularly in settings where antibiotics are commonly used, such as hospitals. One strategy public health officials have devised to counteract these infectious microbes is "antibiotic cycling” where specific antibiotics are withdrawn from the market for a period of several years, then reintroduced as another antibiotic is withdrawn. How would this strategy help limit antibiotic resistance? A. It is impossible for a bacterium to maintain resistance to two antibiotics at once B. When a given antibiotic is not in use, it is an evolutionary disadvantage to carry the unneeded gene C. If a specific antibiotic is removed from the market it is possible to substitute with a related antibiotic such as…