Since we are all so closely related, it is amazing that we see such tremendous diversity in the human population. List three reasons why phenotypic traits such as skin color, eye color or collagen production can vary so widely. For each reason you state, you must fully describe how that particular genetic phenomenon works.

All Vulcans have pointed ears (P) and a right-sided heart (R) which are dominant over Earthling alleles of rounded ears (p) and a left-sided heart (r). Both Vulcans and Earthlings are homozygous for each allele.Mr. Spock has a Vulcan father and an Earthling mother. Which of the following is true about Mr. Spock’s genotype in relation to the genes for ear shape and heart sidedness? Select one: a. Ear Shape Heart Sidedness Homozygous Homozygous b. Ear Shape Heart Sidedness Heterozygous Heterozygous c. Ear Shape Heart Sidedness Homozygous Heterozygous d. Ear Shape Heart Sidedness Heterozygous Homozygous

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the diet. This excess iron is stored in the body's tissues and organs, particularly the skin, heart, liver, pancreas, and joints. Because humans cannot increase the excretion of iron, excess iron can overload and eventually damage tissues and organs. Some individuals who are homozygous for this autosomal recessive gene experience only skin discoloration and joint pain, others experience heart disease in addition to the skin discoloration, still other individuals suffer also suffer from diabetes, severe heart disease, and liver damage. Name and define this genetic phenomenon and explain how it relates to this specific genetic situation described above.

Parents often want to know what is genetically possible for their children. If two parents are carriers for a recessive lethal trait, what are the odds that their child is also a carrier? Many times there is interest in tracking multiple traits at once (not just 1 or 2). The same probability rules apply here, you just multiple all the odds together at once. Imagine two parents. They are both carriers for red hair, one person is blood type AB, the other is type O. They want to know the odds of a daughter with red hair and type B blood. Please do no not do a giant Punnett square! Use probability or individual squares. a. What are the genotypes of the parents? b. What are the odds of each trait (daughter, red hair, type B)