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Polydactyly is an autosomal dominant trait that results in the presence of additional digits on the hands and feet. The incidence in Caucasians is approximately 1 in every 1300 births while in Africans and African Americans, the prevalence is 1 in every ~150 births. Fortunately, this trait does not cause any deleterious effects on one's health. Actually, there are a number of individuals who have been successful football players that were born with polydactyly. In 1902, a study found that the allele frequency of the recessive allele (p) was 30% in the local population. Last year, a follow-up study was published which assessed the genotypes of the same local population. The following data were obtained: pp = 10%; Pp = 40%; PP = 50% Use the above information to answer the questions below. Use the word bank for a subquestion when provided. What is the frequency of p (recessive allele) in the follow-up study? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Did the population evolve? (word bank: yes, no) Briefly provide a scientific explanation as to why the population did/did not evolve.
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- Below in Figure 1 is a pedigree for a family afflicted by a genetic disorder. In some populations, Cystic fibrosis has an incidence of 1 in 2500 newborns. The carrier frequency calculated from this is 1/25. Analyze the pedigree below assuming the disease is similar to cystic fibrosis in incidence and carrier frequency. However this disease may not have the same type of genetic transmission as cystic fibrosis. What type of genetic transmission is most consistent with the pedigree? Label all the individuals that you can determine, with hypothesized genotypes. Label the individuals that have unknown genotypes with possible genotypes. Assuming her father is known to NOT be a carrier, calculate the probability that IV1 is a carrier for disease. Use the Χ2 test to determine whether your proposed transmission fits this data.arrow_forwardPiebaldism is a skin condition that causes an infant to be born with white birthmarks due to a genetic mutation. It is an autosomal dominant trait. A woman with piebaldism married a man without it. They have three daughters, two of whom also have piebaldism. One of their piebald daughters married a man who also has piebaldism and they have two sons with piebaldism, one son without it and one daughter with it. Draw the pedigree for this family and fill in as many of their genotypes as you can.arrow_forwardPlease help answer question 1 What would a pedigree of Greg and Olga’s families look like? Concentrate simply on family relationships and aff ected persons.arrow_forward
- A patient has two parents with Huntington's disease. They may not have inherited this autosomal dominant disorder due to: 1) increased DNA repeats (CAG) during spermatogenesis 2) incomplete penetrance 3) inheriting one recessive allelearrow_forwardHemophilia is an X-linked recessive phenotype. Suppose a man who expresses the hemophilia phenotype has children with a woman who has the normal phenotype (and does not have a family history of hemophilia). If the couple have a son, what are the chances that he will have hemophilia? A) 50% B) 25% C) 0% D) 100%arrow_forwardA diploid cell undergoes meiosis to form the four gametes shown below. H q Part 1 What is the genotype of the diploid cell? hQ O HhQq Hq H q O HHhhQQqq Q h }{ Q h Rarrow_forward
- Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism in humans. It is caused by a mutant allele of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene ( FGFR3) that produces an overactive protein. Having one copy of the mutant allele results in dwarfism. Two copies of the mutant allele results in death before birth. The mutant FGFR3 allele is completely penetrant. 1. What can you infer about the inheritance of the FGFR alleles? A) The mutant FGFR3 allele is pleiotropic. B) Some achondroplastic dwarfs are heterozygous for the mutant allele and some are homozygous. C) The wild-type and mutant FGFR3 alleles are codominant. D) The mutant FGFR3 allele shows incomplete penetrance. 2. If two people with achondroplasia have a child together, what is the probability that their child will also have achondroplasia? A)0 B)1/2 C)2/3 D) 3/4 E)1arrow_forwardHuntington disease (HD) is a genetic disorder that usually first appears in middle age and, over time, leads to involuntary movements, impaired speech, difficulty swallowing and speaking, and cognitive decline. There is no cure for HD, and affected individuals eventually die, usually after 10 to 15 years of progressively worsening symptoms. Huntington disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. Presymptomatic genetic testing for HD is available for people with a family history of the disease. Individuals who have a parent with HD have a 50% chance of inheriting the HD gene and eventually having HD. Some of these individuals want to know if they will eventually get the disease, and they undergo presymptomatic genetic testing. Others do not want to know, given that there is no cure or effective treatment for the disease. If you were at risk for HD, would you want to undergo genetic testing? What are some reasons for and against having a genetic test for HD?arrow_forwardConsider the following scenario: A man without freckles (freckles are a dominant trait, determined by the dominant allele “F”) is a carrier of cystic fibrosis (recall that CF is a recessive trait, determined by the recessive allele "a"), mates with a woman whose genotype is heterozygous for freckles and is also a carrier of CF. Assume the two genes in question are in different chromosomes and, therefore, assort independently. Complete the following Punnett square to generate the offspring probabilities from this couple, by entering the genotypes of the parents, the gametes, and the offspring for the two traits described above. (4) Father’s genotype ffAa Mother’s genotypeFfAa ● Sperm: fA ● Sperm: fa ● Sperm: fA ● Sperm: fa ● Egg: FA ● Egg: fA ● Egg: Fa ● Egg: fa What is the probability for this couple to have a child with freckles? What is the…arrow_forward
- A patient has two parents with Huntington's disease. They may not have inherited this autosomal dominant disorder due to: 1) increased DNA repeats (CAG) during spermatogenesis O2) incomplete penetrance 3) inheriting one recessive allelearrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive trait. A three-generation pedigree is shown below for a family that carries the mutant allele for cystic fibrosis. Note that carriers are not colored in to allow you to figure out their genotypes. Normal allele = F CF mutant allele = f What is the genotype of individual #13? A) ff B) FF C) Ff D) it is impossible to tellarrow_forwardIn the USA the frequency of carriers for the devastating autosomal recessive trait of procrastination is 1/10 people. You do not procrastinate and want to have a child with another highly efficient non-procrastinator. You are worried that you both might be carriers and that your child would be a procrastinator. What is the probability that you are a carrier, AND your mate is a carrier, AND your child is procrastinator?arrow_forward
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