Shown below are photomicrographs of normal onion cells and colchicine-treated onion root tip cells undergoing cell division. Identify the stage of cell division these cells are into. UNTREATED COLCHICINE-TREATED Allium cepa ROOT TIP CELL Stage: Allium cepa ROOT TIP CELL Stage: HPO (400x) HPO (400x) Compare the cell sizes of the untreated and colchicine-treated Allium cepa. By looking at the given photomicrographs, what general type of chromosomal mutation did colchicine induce?
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Chromosomal Mutation
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- A. Cyclin Expression Cycle 1. What are the two factors involve in the illustration Cyclin Expression Cycle? 2. Identify the cyclin fluctuation in every stage of the cell cycle. 3. What do you think is the role of cyclin fluctuation at a given stage of a cell cycle? Concentration G₁ cyclin G₁ Phase Cyclin Expression Cycle G₁/S cyclin S Phase S cyclin M cyclin G2 Phase M PhaseWhat happens to SA:V ratio as cell side length (cell size) continues to increase? Plot these two sets of values according to the directions below to see what the trend is when cell side length continues to increase. 1. Plot a line graph of SA:V ratio on the y-axis and cell side length on the x-axis. 2. Log transform the y-axis to make the relationship more clear using the following steps. a. Click on the y-axis values; a box will appear around the values. b. Right click inside the box and choose the Format Axis command from the shortcut menu that appears. c. When the Format Axis dialog box appears, select the Axis Options entry from the list box. d. Enter the values from the screenshot in the Axis Options. 3. Properly title and label this graph. 4. Explain what happens to the surface area to volume ratio as cell side length (cell size) continues to increase. What are the implications for very large cells? What are the implications for very small cells? (Use excel spreadsheet)Please identify the G2 phase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase of the onion root tip cells. Images included. Thank you! :)
- A. Interpretation of Graph/Table Use graph key as guide A cell mitosis experiment in which the cells count is determined hourly over a 24 hour period is shown below: Growth curve: What conclusions can you draw about the process of mitosis over a 24-hour period? Lines: Individual Continuous Options Number of Cells.Hour Courtesy: www.inspiration.com 1. What conclusions can you draw about the process of cell mitosis over a 24-hour period;Name the dark, linear, thread-like structures that you can see in some of the onion root tip cells. What Biomolecule of heredity do they contain?11:51 B +$. ← MitosisAndMeiosis.docx AD B C D E F 2. In what stage were most of the onion root tip cells? Does this make sense? 4. What would happen if mitosis were uncontrolled? 3. As a cell grows, what happens to its surface area-to-volume ratio (hint: think of a balloon being blown up)? How does this ratio change with respect to cell division? 5. How accurate were your time predictions for each stage of the cell cycle? & ON 5G A A C 6. Discuss one observation you found interesting while looking at the onion root tip cells. Cell Cycle Division: Mitosis Beads Dia ר Dronhaco EXPERIMENT 2: FOLLOWING CHROMOSOMAL DNA MOVEMENT THROUGH MITOSIS PAGE 5/... OeScience Labs, 2016
- Based on the data in Table 3 above, prepare the following scatter plot graph. a. On the same graph, you should include the following two lines : i. Cell surface area on the x-axis and the 1:1 surface area ratio on the y-axis (these values will be identical yielding a diagonal line with a slope of 1). ii. Cell surface area on the x-axis and cell volume on the y-axis. b. Based on a comparison of these two curves and your data in Table 3, at what approximate range of points (side length of a cell) does cell volume begin to exceed surface area? Explain the implications beyond this range for cells.Using individual data for Allium cepa, express the number of cells in each of the different stages of mitosis as a percentage of the total number of cells in mitosis, and obtain the average across the three fields of view Enter the value for prophase as a whole number (no decimals or units). Total number of cells in Number of cells in: A.cepa root tip field of view P M T Field 1 181 16 4 Field 2 7 5 147 12 8. Field 3 112 11a. Describe the importance of Wee1, Myt1, CAK and cdc25 activity on the activation of the cyclin B/CDK1 complex. b. Explain the effect of DNA damage on activation of the cyclin B/CDK1 complex and cell cycle progression.
- 2. The pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acidsglutamine (Gln) and proline (Pro) involve one or morecommon intermediates. Auxotrophic yeast mutantsnumbered 1–7 are isolated that require either glutamine or proline or both amino acids for their growth,as shown in the following table (+ means growth; −no growth). These mutants are also tested for theirability to grow on the intermediates A–E. What is theorder of these intermediates in the glutamine and proline pathways, and at which point in the pathways iseach mutant blocked?Gln +Mutant A B C D E Gln Pro Pro1 + − − − + − + +2 − − − − − − + +3 − − + − − − − +4 − − − − − + − +5 − − + + − − − +6 + − − − − − + +7 − + − − − + − +ABOUT Phenylketonuria Explain Potential technical issues and limitations of PCR technology are mentioned Correct information about tissue that can be used to test for a genetic disease and justification of tissue selection Detailed information about the position (exact base pair number) of the new mutation relative to the sequence of the PAH gene. Numbering is based on the start of transcription of the PAH gene. PLEASE ANSWER ALLLL PLEASEE1. Growth factors stimulate the cell to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle. During this phase, the synthesis of enzymes that catalyze the formation of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) is induced. In what process are these substrates used in the S phase of the cell cycle? To answer the question: a) Draw a scheme of the process in which deoxyribonucleotides are substrates; b) name the enzymes, indicate their role and the biological significance of the process.