Several hundred male bees will sometimes gather in the evening to sleep on the dried stems of a shrub. A predatory assassin bug sometimes visits the bees and kills some as they are settling down. Present three hypotheses on the possible adaptive, antipredator value of these sleeping aggregations. For each hypothesis, present a piece of evidence that would enable you to reject the hypothesis.
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Several hundred male bees will sometimes gather in the evening to sleep on the dried stems of a shrub. A predatory assassin bug sometimes visits the bees and kills some as they are settling down. Present three hypotheses on the possible adaptive, antipredator value of these sleeping aggregations. For each hypothesis, present a piece of evidence that would enable you to reject the hypothesis.
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- Eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) live in large groups in silk nests, resembling tents, which they build in trees. They are among the first insects to be active in early spring, when daily temperature fluctuates from freezing to very hot. Over the course of a day, they display striking differences in behavior: Early in the morning, they rest in a tightly packed group on the tent's east-facing surface. In mid afternoon, they are on its under-surface, each caterpillar hanging by a few of its legs. Propose a hypothesis to explain this behavior. How could you test it?Eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) live in large groups in silk nests resembling tents, which they build in trees. They are among the first insects to be active in early spring, when daily temperature fluctuates from freezing to very hot. Over the course of a day, they display striking differences in behavior: Early in the morning, they rest in a tightly packed group on the tent’s east-facing surface. In midafternoon, they are on its undersurface, each caterpillar hanging by a few of its legs. Propose a hypothesis to explain this behavior. How could you test it?Eastern tent caterpillars (Malacosoma americanum) live in large groups in silk nests, or tents, which they build in trees. They are among the first insects to be active in early spring, when daily temperature fluctuates from freezing to very hot. Over the course ofa day, they display striking differences in behavior: Early in the morning, they rest in a tightly packed group on the tent's east-facing surface. In midafternoon, they are on its undersurface, each caterpillar hanging by a few of its legs. Propose a hypothesis to explain this behavior. How could you test it? ATLEAST 50 SENTENCE
- Colony collapse disorder may benefit native bees in the United States that have been outcompeted by introduced European honeybees. True FalseRead this quote from Charles Darwin (from Origin of Species). What is he describing? "Thus, I can understand how a flower and a bee might slowly become, either simultaneously or one after the other, modified and adapted to each other in the most perfect manner, by the continued preservation of all the individuals which presented slight deviations of structure mutually favorable to one another." An interaction network. A predator/prey cycle. O Coevolution. An obligate mutualism.Which of the following situations has revealed that mutualistic interactions can evolve from prior parasitic relationships? A. Yucca plants are pollinated only by moths of the genus Tegeticula; however, some of the moth species 'cheat" by laying eggs on seeds without pollinating the plant. B. Large-sized lice of the genus Columbicola tended to live on larger species of pigeons. Body size matching had a significant effect on the ability of lice to escape defensive preening by the host bird. C. The nonvenomous yellow-eyed salamander has the same coloration as the toxic California newt. Related nontoxic salamanders which do not mimic the newts are prone to attacks by predators. D. Glochidion trees and Epicephala moths are in an obligate mutualism with each other. Significant cospeciation led to an increase in diversity of the two species.
- Adult Daphnia cucullata are aquatic and have two morphs. One has a large “helmet” which makes it harder for their main predator, a type of insect, to eat them. The other lacks the helmet. Female Daphnia keep their eggs within their bodies before hatching. Typically, when mothers are in ponds with their insect predators, their offspring develop helmets, and vice versa. The above scenario best represents an example of a: a.continuous adaptive response b.non-adaptive response c.immediate adaptive response d.predictive adaptive responseforest sites than in forest fragments, whereas there were no significant differences between fragments of different sizes. These results provide further evidence for the effects of habitat size on the phorid-Acromyrmex system in a tropical rain forest, based on the abundance of parasitoids both as adults in the field and as reared immature phorids in the laboratory. Phorid parasitized leafcutter ants were most abundant in areas of continuous forest, and less abundant in the forest fragments. O Phorid flies are important parasitoids of leafcutter ants nd leafcutter ants can be found in Brazil's Southeastern Both phorid flies Atlantic Forest. The study provides evidence that this parasitoid-host interaction between phorid flies and leafcutter ant differs between continuous forest and forest fragments. Phorid flies were just as abundant in forest fragments as they were in continuous forest, but were less successful in parasitizing leafcutter ants.Honey bee workers from a colony in North Carolina are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 am as shown below. Site A is 1500 m from the hive; site B is 300 m from the hive. While most of the foragers are out in the field, a sudden downpour strikes which drowns many of the bees outside the hive. As a result, there is a shortage of foragers in the nest at a time when much food is available in the field. Which of the following can you correctly predict will happen: a. The loss of foragers will cause increased activity of the Gp9 gene in some of the bees inside the nest, which will decrease their JH levels, causing them to revert to nursing behavior and raise more brood to quickly replace the lost foragers. b. The loss of foragers will result in decreased transfer of ethyl oleate to the younger bees, which will cause JH titers in some of the younger bees to increase and they will become precocious foragers. c. The loss of contact with older bees will cause increased Amfor and…
- Please create a very detailed experiment regarding the following ultimate hypotheiss about meerkats behavior but withan assumption that there are unlimited resources.Female parasitoid wasps search for insect hosts in which to lay eggs, and they can often discriminate among individual hosts that are more or less suitable for their offspring. Behavioral ecologists have asked whether or not the wasps’ willingness to lay eggs in less suitable hosts varies with the female’s age. On the basis of life history theory, what pattern of change would you predict? Does life history theory make any other predictions about animal behavior?There are three chief ideas of the handicap principle: 1) Animals communicate with éach other throughn sigi must be honest, and 3) honest signals are expensive. Stotting behavior (up and down jumps gazelles exhibit when they spot a predator before the gazelle runs away) often results in the predator leaving before it attacks, presumably because the predator knows it won't easily catch that gazelle. This clearly is an example of the handicap principle based on the three ideas. True False