Territoriality behaviors actually decrease competition between members of the same species. Explain why this is the case, and therefore how territoriality is favored by natural selection.
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Territoriality behaviors actually decrease competition between members of the same species. Explain why this is the case, and therefore how territoriality is favored by natural selection.
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- Territoriality behaviors actually decrease cometition between members of the same species. Explain why this is the case, and therefore how territoriality is favored by natural selection.Earlier explanations of altruistic behavior as a form of group selec-tion have been supplanted by Hamilton’s hypothesis of kin selection. What distinguishes kin selection and how does it accord with the no-tion of inclusive fitness, the relative number of an individual’s alleles that pass to the next generation?Kin selection (a) increases inclusive fitness through the breeding success of close relatives (b) is a way of perpetuating genes of nonrelatives (c) accounts for some forms of migration (d) typically involves mate guarding (e) involves ornamental displays and use of a lek
- Think about how we organized the mechanisms of sexual selection (mate competition vs. mate choice; resource-based choice vs. non-resource-based choice, etc.). Based on this organization, choose the pair of examples from the list below that are most closely matched in terms of mechanisms of sexual selection. Male red deer engage in physical contests to determine who mates with a female. Male mouse lemurs engage in scramble competition for female mates. Peahen (female) chooses to mate with a peacock that has large eyespots in the tail feathers of his magnificent display. Question 8 Think about how we organized the mechanisms of sexual selection (mate competition vs. mate choice; resource-based choice vs. non-resource-based choice, etc.). Based on this organization, choose the pair of examples from the list below that are most closely matched in terms of mechanisms of sexual selection. Male roadrunner presents female with lizard 'snack' during courtship. Male butterfly transfers sodium to…You document altruism in an animal species that you are studying: female zebras running at the back of the group, closest to the pursuing predator, as the group runs to escape a predator. Both kin selection and reciprocal altruism can explain this behavior. What piece of evidence would support the hypothesis that it's kin selection?Some bird species mate monogamously for life (i.e., individuals keep the same partner year after year). Other bird species are seasonally monogamous: they choose a new mate every year. Some bird species have what is called helpers-at-the-nest; these helpers are older offspring who stick around and assist their parents in taking care of babies born the next year. Kin selection would predict that you would find more instances of helpers-at-the-nest in the species that mate monogamously for life than in the seasonally monogamous species. Why? Be sure to address why they might still help in seasonally monogamous pairs.
- Intrasexual selection involves competition among one sex (typically males) for mating access to the other sex. Intersexual selection involves mate choice in which individuals from one sex (typically females) choose their mates from among individuals of the other sex. Imagine a group of males that is engaged in agonistic behavior, from which Male A emerges triumphant. Now imagine a female that is assessing all of the males that were involved in the fights, and chooses Male A. Explain why this situation shows how intrasexual and intersexual selection pressures are likely both at play in the trait selection.When Charles Darwin discovered the various finch species on the Galápagos islands, he was surprised to find so many different but related species in such a small geographic area. What best illustrates the correlation between competitive advantage and an individual’s traits in a particular environmentWhen Charles Darwin discovered the various finch species on the Galápagos islands, he was surprised to find so many different but related species in such a small geographic area. Which of the following best illustrates the correlation between competitive advantage and an individual’s traits in a particular environment? Different islands had very different food resources available, and only individuals that were adapted to eat those food resources survived and reproduced on that island. Finches had no natural predators on the island before Darwin’s voyage, allowing them to prosper on the islands. Competition between different species for food resources led to resource partitioning of the ecosystem. Mating behaviors in finch species ensure that different species of finch will not interbreed with one another.
- What is an example of co-option-- when a cooperative trait that originally served one function later came to serve a different cooperative function over evolutionarily time? There is no evidence that vampire bats hunt as cohesive coordinated group. Vampire bats help offspring, and then those offspring are more likely to help their own offspring. Dogs have traits for cooperating with dogs, but now these traits facilitate cooperation with humans. O Captive food sharing, grooming, and kinship predicted co-roosting and co-foraging after release into the wildWhen Charles Darwin discovered the various finch species on the Galápagos islands, he was surprised to find so many different but related species in such a small geographic area. Which of the following best illustrates the correlation between competitive advantage and an individual’s traits in a particular environment?Kin Selection - Ground squirrels will often give a warning call when they see a predator, altering the other ground squirrels to the danger. Calling behavior draws attention to the calling squirrel. This being the case, why would natural selection favor this altruistic behavior? Consider this - female squirrels are 70% more likely to make a warning call than male squirrels. Also consider, male squirrels leave the colony when they reach maturity, while female squirrels stay in the colony they are born in. Explain how natural selection is working here!