Research Question: What is the effect of different teaching methods (lecture-based vs. interactive discussions) on students' comprehension of course material (measured by test scores)? Which variable is the independent variable in this research question? a. Student comprehension b. Different teach methods

Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the unit of analysis in the following hypothesis: families that eat dinner together regularly have closer relationships than those who do not.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the official unemployment rate for Black people was 10.4% and 4.7% for White people in February 2015. Select all correct answers for this question. O The samples of white and black people are independent. The explanatory variable is the unemployment rate. The response variable is the unemployment rate. The response variable is race.

Bullying,” according to noted expert Dan Olweus, “poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child.” Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure anxiety in a group of bullies and a group of victims using an 18-item, 5-point anxiety scale. Assume scores on the anxiety scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the anxiety scores are the same among bullies and victims. The group of 23 bullies scored an average of 40.1 with a sample standard deviation of 10 on the anxiety scale. The group of 28 victims scored an average of 46.8 with a sample standard deviation of 11 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether bullies or victims will be more anxious, so you formulate…

Education influences attitude and lifestyle. Differences in education are a big factor in the "generation gap." Is the younger generation really better educated? Large surveys of people age 65 and older were taken in n1 = 38 U.S. cities. The sample mean for these cities showed that x1 = 15.2% of the older adults had attended college. Large surveys of young adults (age 25 - 34) were taken in n2 = 37 U.S. cities. The sample mean for these cities showed that x2 = 18.1% of the young adults had attended college. From previous studies, it is known that ?1 = 6.4% and ?2 = 4.8%. Does this information indicate that the population mean percentage of young adults who attended college is higher? Use ? = 0.05. (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) A random sample of n1 = 12 winter days in Denver gave a sample mean pollution index x1 = 43. Previous studies show that ?1 = 15. For Englewood (a suburb of Denver), a random sample of n2 = 16 winter days gave a…

How do the average weekly incomes of electricians and carpenters compare? A random sample of 17 regions in the United States gave the following information about average weekly income (in dollars). (Reference: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.) Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Electricians 464 715 597 464 736 694 744 571 806 Carpenters 542 813 513 476 688 503 789 653 474 Region 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Electricians 592 594 702 579 868 598 597 654 Carpenters 489 647 676 384 817 605 556 505 Does this information indicate a difference (either way) in the average weekly incomes of electricians compared to those of carpenters? Use a 5% level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance? (b) Compute the sample test statistic.  (c) Find the P-value of the sample test statistic.

. Present a description of your variables: Provide a codebook with the following four columns: (1) Variable name; (2) Variable label; (3) Value & Value label and Level of measurement (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). Please present this as a table. This should fit on one page.

The personality characteristics of business leaders (e.g., CEOS) are related to the operations of the businesses that they lead (Oreg & Berson, 2018). Traits like openness to experience are related to positive financial outcomes and other traits are related to negative financial outcomes for their businesses. Suppose that a board of directors is interested in evaluating the personality of their leadership. Among a sample of n = 16 managers, the sample mean of the openness to experiences dimension of personality was M = 4.50. Assuming that u = 4.24 and o = 1.05 (Cobb-Clark & Schurer, 2012), use a two-tailed hypothesis test with a = .05 to test the hypothesis that this company's business leaders' openness to experience is different from the population. Standard Normal Distribution Mean - 0.0 Standard Deviation 1.0 .7198 .1401 .1401 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 -1.08 1.08 Step 1. Ho: ; H;: a = .05. Step 2. The critical region consists of Step 3. For these data the standard error is and…