Questions 1. Give two qualitative observations for each sample upon closer examination of the respective photos. 2. Sample Four was the only sample that contained an odour. What does this suggest about the ease with which the particles can leave the solid with respect to the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction between the particles? ( 3. Which sample has mobine electrons for which to conduct electricity? 4. Sample Four was the only one that was soluble in a nonpolar solvent. What does this suggest about the polarity of the molecule in Sample Four? 5. Sample One was soluble in water and in its molten state conducted electricity, but in its solid state it did not conduct electricity. Electrons only flow in solids to produce current electricity. What types of particles does the experimental evidence point to the makeup of this sample? (T 6. What evidence is there to support the formation of ionic or molecular liquids of nonpolar crystals? 7. What could you deduce about the strength of the forces of attraction between the particles, in Sample 3, compared to the other samples? (1 mark) 8. Give 3 more physical tests to help you in your analysis of these samples and their subsequent identification.

Elemental carbon has one gas phase, one liquid phase, and two different solid phases, as shown in the phase diagram: (a) On the phase diagram, label the gas and liquid regions. (b) Graphite is the most stable phase of carbon at normal conditions. On the phase diagram, label the graphite phase. (c) If graphite at normal conditions is heated to 2500 K while the pressure is increased to 1010 Pa, it is converted into diamond. Label the diamond phase. (d) Circle each triple point on the phase diagram. (e) In what phase does carbon exist at 5000 K and 108 Pa? (f) If the temperature of a sample of carbon increases from 3000 K to 5000 K at a constant pressure of 106 Pa, which phase transition occurs, if any?

In terms of their bulk properties, how do liquids and solids differ? How are they similar?

The shape of the meniscus of water in a glass tube is different from that of mercury in a glass tube. Why?