Question 4 (a) Microbiological contamination can be problematic for the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Describe BOTH strategies employed in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure acceptable microbiological stability. (b) Outline ANY FOUR specific sections that are clearly defined in stability testing protocols and name ANY TWO stability indicating analytical tests that are performed during stability testing.  (c) Briefly discuss ANY TWO high stress/challenges that are utilised during an accelerated stability testing study. (d) Discuss how the shelf-life of a pharmaceutical drug formulation can be predicted.

Describe technical, analytical and clinical validity of clinical biochemical tests.

Utilizing the AST Standards of Practice from the AST web site (www.ast.org), Standards of Practice for the Decontamination of Surgical Instruments, Standard XIV, what might be done with the contaminated instruments post-operatively to ensure no possible cross- contamination with future patients?

please hel me asap thanks What kind of contamination would be represented under the Kmer content section? Explain what other section of the report might pass" with no errors, even though the Kmer content failed. Why?

TITLE: Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Ultraceph and Megaceph BACKGROUND: Two new antibiotics, Ultraceph and Megaceph, were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Both work equally well on the same spectrum of bacteria (i.e., their scope and efficacy have been shown to be equal), and the products are priced similarly. Ultraceph is dosed intravenously at 25 mg, three times per day. Ultraceph is affected by liver functioning, so monitoring is needed. Megaceph is dosed intravenously at 75 mg once per day and is associated with a 0.1% chance of hearing loss, which is reversible if caught within the first 2 days of treatment. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to compare the costs to Mercy General Hospital between patients who received Ultraceph versus Megaceph. Patients admitted to the hospital during the first 6 months who met study criteria were randomly given either Ultraceph or Megaceph. Medical and billing records for each patient were used to estimate costs. Costs…

QUESTION: Microbes from a blood culture inoculated with blood drawn from a catheter were determined by the appearance of growth on Mannitol Salts Agar and through other tests to be Staphylococcus epidermidis. It can be concluded that: a.  a bloodstream infection caused by S. epidermidis is occurring in the patient from whom the blood was drawn b.  The bacteria fermented mannitol, changing the color of the growth medium from pink to yellow. c  S. epidermidis is present in the sample as a normal flora contaminant d.  That in order to determine if a bloodstream infection is present, these results must be compared to a blood culture of a sample drawn from a peripheral vein

Question: Name Class Date Scientific Method Review

Please match the test with its description to assess your understanding of the kinds of data collected during information gathering and your understanding of the processes involved in identifying microbes from samples. 1. using macroscopic and microscopic traits for identification appearance 2. tests that determine chemical characteristics including enzyme production and nutritional requirements of the microbe biochemical tests 3. analyzing the genotype of an organism DNA profiles 4. tests the organism against known antibodies to determine if there is a reaction between the organism and the antibody immunologic testing v

3. (a) Comparing the culture-dependant (e.g., colony forming units count) and DNA- based (e.g., PCR) bacterial number quantification methods, what are the primary disadvantages of using culture-dependent methods to quantify bacterial numbers in an environmental sample? Use no more than three sentences or bullet points to present your answer succinctly.

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