QUESTION 3 Look at the following piece of DNA cut with enzymes I and II, crating 3 fragments; A, B and C. Which of these is the correct configuration for how they would run on a gel? (remember that DNA is negatively charged and runs towards the positive electrode). II DNA: C 1. O | | B A C 2. O || C 3. O A B 0 1 O 2 O 3

Question 4

QUESTION 17 A student wanted to run a protein sample on a SDS PAGE gel, and in the process of casting a gel the student had forgotten to add the stacking layer on top of the resolving layer of the gel. What problems would likely arise as a result of this mishap? Proteins would migrate much faster through the gel Proteins would not be able to migrate through the resolving layer and stays at the top of the gel Proteins will move into the resolving layer at different times and this would result in a smear on the gel There is no problem, proteins in the sample would resolve the same as if they were ran on a SDS PAGE gel with a stacking layer on top of a resolving layer QUESTION 18 Sample A is diluted by adding 50 ul to 950 uL of buffer to make solution B. Solution B is diluted by adding 50 uL of solution B to 300 uL of buffer. The absorbance of sample C is 0.05. What is the concentration of sample A assuming the following parameters. |=1 cm Molar extinction coefficient = 10 M-1 cm-1 O 0.7…

QUESTION 13 A scientist would like to overexpress a lysosomal acid hydrolase in a cultured cell line as a way to investigate a potential therapy for a lysosomal storage disease. How might this scientist introduce a plasmid encoding this lysosomal enzyme into cells? O Scanning electron microscopy O Western blot analysis O Transfection with a lipid reagent (AKA liposomes) O Immunohistochemistry O Generate an organoid QUESTION 14 Heterotrimeric G-proteins that associate with the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consist of which of the following? OA. beta subunits C B. O C. alpha subunits alpha, beta, and gamma subuni OD. beta and gamma subunits O E. gamma subunits QUESTION 15 The activation of a common effector molecule in the cytoplasm by signals from a variety of unrelated receptors is called OA. Divergence OB. Convergence OC. Crosstalk OD. Transvergence QUESTION 16

Question 10 Produce the complimentary DNA strand that would be matched with the provided strand T--A C-- G C-- G A -- A -- C-- G-- T-- T-- A -- C-- G -- G--

QUESTION 2 The SARS-COV-2 pandemic resulted in the desire to design ELISA assays to either detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 protein (previous infection), or detect viral protein (current infection). You plan to express the mutant spike protein variant using the plasmid pictured below as your template. Here's the sequence you want to put in its place: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY429073.1?report=fasta, this is the DNA sequence you're going to buy as a gene block! But you need to add a couple things to it first so it'll get into the plasmid. To do so, you're going to need to remove the current insert (represented by the yellow arrow beginning at position 833-4867). Question: What restriction sites are you going to add at the ends of the gene? Answer can be in nucleotides or the enzyme name. For the first blank fill in the site name/sequence you'd add at the beginning of the gene (5' / C-terminus end) and for the second blank fill in the sequence/site name you'd add at the…

QUESTION 2 A linear piece of DNA is cut as follows: cut with Ecorl - get 1kb and 4 kb band Cut with Bamhl - get 2 kb and3 kb bands Cut with both Bamhl and Ecorl - get 1kb, 2 kb and 2 kb band From this we can conclude that the distance between the Bamhl site and the Ecorl site is O A1 kb O B. 2 kb O C. 3kb O D. 4kb O E. 5 kb

QUESTION 5 If DNA had 5 different bąses, a restriction enzyme with a 3-base recognition sequence would cut DNA approximately every O A 125 bp. O B. 256 bp. O C. 425 bp. O D. 625 bp. O E. 3125 bp.

QUESTION 9 Imagine that a researcher has a cell from a genetically engineered organism and a clone of that same organism. The researcher uses PCR and then rruns a DNA fingerprint on the two samples. What should the researcher find on the gel? O A. The gel will be blank because the heat from the PCR will destroy the DNA. O B. The gel will be blank because the heat from the PCR will change the charge of the DNA and cause it to run in the opposite direction, off of the gel and into the buffer. OC. The DNA banding pattern for the two organisms will be identical. O D. The DNA banding pattern for the two organisms will be different because every organism has original DNA. QUEST ION 10

Question 7 of 10 Question 7. You are studying two strands of DNA. They have exactly the same length, but the first one has a very high G + C/A +T ratio of 3.4. The second DNA strand has a G + C/A + T ratio of 2.3. Which of the two strands will have the lowest melting temperature and why?