Pressure in the renal artery is 100 mm Hg and the pressure in the renal vein is 50 mm Hg. The resistance of the afferent arteriole equals 0.5 mm Hg•min/L and the resistance of the efferent arteriole equals 0.5 mm Hg•min/L. What is the pressure in the glomerulus?

Which is TRUE of the RAAS pathway? angiotensin Il directly leads to vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone which promotes Na+ reabsorption at the cortical collecting duct ANP stimulates the RAAS pathway, while ADH/vasopressin inhibits the RAAS pathway increased plasma volume directly puts extra pressure on the afferent arteriole and indirectly increases pressure in the distal tubule, both of which lead to stimulation of renin release angiotensin Il promotes activation of the parasympathetic system which decreases GFR low plasma Na+ is sensed by the proximal tubule and triggers release of renin from JGA cells

Describe two factors that lead to greater filtration in the glomerular capillaries compared to the systemic capillaries?

Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance.  Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved,  and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone.   Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)

Renal is a process that yields relatively constant GFR with fluctuating blood pressure in the kidney, occurring through (two words) where the smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole constricts when stretched and a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism which occurs when the are activated by rising NaCl concentrations and increased flow rates.

Which vessel in the diagram is the afferent glomerular arteriole? K- N M OF 00 L -A -B CDEF -D G

A patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing).  You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin.  Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min.   Using the fromula GFR=V  ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.

From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this chloride movement occur? Is that movement passive or active?

why does the kidney receive 1/4 of cardiac output?

Under circumstances of having low blood pressure , how does the sympathetic nervous system decrease glomerular filtration rate ? stimulates constriction of the efferent arteriole only stimulates relaxation of the mesangial cells stimulates secretion of erythropoietin stimulates constriction of both the afferent and efferent arterioles