What would be the impact of dysfunctional (leaky) glomerular basal lamina?What effect would this initially have on blood pressure?

To control size-determined filtration, capillaries of the glomerulus inside the Bowman’s capsule are: A. continuous wrapped in glia B. sinusoid C. fenestrated D. continuous

Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance.  Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved,  and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone.   Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)

State the function of the following structures: 1. juxtaglomerular apparatus: 2. detrusor muscle: 3. urinary bladder: