Please choose the correct letter . and explain a bit why you choose it According to the second law of thermodynamics, a. energy will not be destroyed b. energy will not be created c. potential energy will always increase
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Please choose the correct letter . and explain a bit why you choose it
- According to the second law of
thermodynamics ,
a. energy will not be destroyed
b. energy will not be created
c. potential energy will always increase
d. entropy will always increase
e. both a and b are correct
2. In one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate. When this reaction is considered in isolation, a small amount of malate remains and is not oxidized. The best term to explain this is
a. enthalpy
b. entropy
c. equilibrium
d. free energy
e. loss of energy
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- oxidase 12 Cyanide is a toxic chemical that hinders the production of ATP by inhibiting the enzyme cytochrome a. Using the graph to explain whether cyanide's inhibition of cytochrome oxidase is competitive or non competitive inhibition. Provide evidence to support your answer. b. Using the graph below, draw an additional curve on the graph here you would expect the other type of inhibition to lie and label the lines competitive and non competitive inhibitor. Reaction Rate ↑ -Without Cyanide -> With Cyanide Substrate Concentration ㅋ. If palmitic acid is subjected to complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter, one can calculate a standard free energy of combustion of 9788 kJ/mol. From the ATP yield of palmitate oxidation, what is| the metabolic efficiency of the biological oxidation, in terms of kilo- joules saved as ATP per kilojoule released? (Ignore the cost of fatty acid activation.)1. The phosphorylation of glucose with HPO42- forms glucose 1-phosphate and water and requires 5.0kcal/mol of energy. a. Write the equation for this reaction. b. This unfavorable reaction can be driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP. Write the equation for the coupled reaction. c. Calculate the energy change for coupled reaction
- = Cellular Respiration Glucose (Cs) 2 G3P (Cs) 2 U Cs) 2 GTP- GDP (Cs) 2 acetyl CoA (___Cs) 1½/202 iii H₂O iv 2 Fill out the diagram as indicated by instructions below. Label processes g. A, B, and C. h. Some reactions are labeled with numbers in blue ovals. (Some of these are "collected" reactions, i.e. they stand for all reactions of the same type that occur in the same part of the pathway.) Among these reactions, write in reactants and products for all reactions that involve ATP and ADP. i. Reactions 6 and 8 involve FADH₂. Write in reactants and products for these reactions. j. Among the reactions labeled with numbers in blue ovals, write in reactants and products for all reactions that involve NAD+ and NADH. k. Below, write in the molecules that correspond to each of the following labels (iv is a molecule moving through the protein, indicated with an arrow): i: ii: iii: iv: 1. The blank in front of molecule (i) that you identified above is to indicate how many copies of this…1. Enthalpy and Entropy. carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C6H1206) and oxygen according to the Photosynthesis in plants converts equation below. Calculate the change in enthalpy DHO and standard molar entropy OSD. Formula: AH° reaction = EH° products -EH° reactants AS° reaction = Es° products - ES° reactants %3D 6CO2 (R) + 6H20 m C6H1206 (s) + 602 (e) Substance CO2 (g) H20 (1) COH1206 (s) O2 (B) AH° (kJ/mol) AS (J/mol.K) -393.5 -285.8 -1273.3 213.6 69.9 209.2 209.2 Option 1 а. What is the OHO of the reaction? Your answer ts * b. What is the DSO of the reaction Your answerThe catalytic efficiency of many enzymes depends on pH. Chymotrypsin shows a maximum value of kaKM at pH 8. Detailed analysis shows that kat increases rapidly between pH 6 and 7 and remains constant at higher pH. KM increases rapidly between pH 8 and 10. Suggest explanations for these observations.
- PEP and 2-PG have similar amounts of potential metabolic energy with respect to decomposition to Pi, CO2 and H2O, but the enolase reaction: a. creates a much more unstable reactive intermediate. b. rearranges 2-PG to a form with greater binding potential to the enzyme. c. rearranges 2-PG into a form from which more potential energy can be released by hydrolysis. d. changes the DG of the reaction to increase the potential energy. e. none are true. 2.Lactate produced by anaerobic muscle tissue is: a. stored in muscle until oxygen is available. b. further reduced to glycerol in muscle. c. transferred to erythrocytes to release oxygen from hemoglobin. d. carried by the blood to the liver for gluconeogenesis and converted to glucose. e. none of the above. 3. Which of the following enzymes is NOT used when fructose is metabolized to pyruvate in the liver? a. triose phosphate isomerase b.…Based on the definition of kcat, substitute a value that can be measured and yet still represents the value associated with the original concentration of the R. What would the rate or velocity of the reaction be equal to under these circumstances? How can cells increase Vmax? What variable that we could change would directly impact Vmax? Would the value of KM be affected by the ways you determined that Vma,x could be increased? What does this indicate about KM? Thinking about how catalysts work, about the Michaelis-Menten Equation, and the definition of kcat, what specifically does the enzyme change in the reaction mechanism to increase the rate? If an enzyme follows the 2 step mechanism proposed by Michaelis-Menten, what do you know about this enzyme? Be very specific and comprehensive. Please answer very soon will give rating surelyWo reactions below and determine if they are exergonic or endergonic reactions + reactants 1. Label the molecules and identify this process Glucose + Oxygen -> ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water 2. Summarize this process: M 3. Write the balanced equation for this process: 4. Is this process an exergonic or endergonic reaction? Why? O Search ATP energy OCO OCC OGO OGO Cell Respiration + products 8
- Please answer both parts A.Phosphate-containing compounds, such as ATP, are considered “high-energy” because they have a -ΔGo more negative than -35kJ/mol. Select one: The above statement is TRUE. The above statement is FALSE. B. Which graph(s) display(s) sequential kinetic mechanism of bisubstrate reactions?Imagine a typical enzyme kinetic curve of [S] vs. V. The maximum [S] is about four times the Km. Lines are drawn at [S] = Km and V = Vmax. The asymptote is drawn at [S] = 0. 1. What effect does altering Km have on Vmax? Explain. 2. What effect does altering [E] have on Km? Vmax? Explain. 3. At what concentration of [S] is the initial velocity proportional to [E]? Explain.?? = ??A + log [? -]/[??] An enzyme uses histidine as a general acid catalyst. If the active site histidine has a pKa of 6.0, what percentage of the enzyme is active at pH 7.0? a. 1.0 %b. 9.1 % c. 45 %d. 55 % e. 91 %f. 99 % Please break down every step of the HH equation in as much detail as possible and explain why the answer is correct from a logical standpoint.