or you to see the words on your compute, quite a few different types of neurons are required. what types of neurons are involved in signal transmission for you to see the words? Describe all the neural structures fro required for seeing.

In the discussion section the authors wrote “In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.”  a. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent?             b.By what word or words do you know that your answer to the question is correct?            c. Why did you choose this word or words as an answer to the question?

If TTX (tetrodotoxin) selectively binds voltage gated Na+ channels, and you tag TTX with a fluorescent marker and then you use it as a probe to label voltage-gated Na+ channels in various neurons in the CNS, would you expect the pattern of fluorescence to be different between myelinated and nonmyelinated axons? If so, how? If not, why not?

Which of the following statements is FALSE? (Choose the best answer) O Neurons in the nervous system use electrical and chemical synapses to communicate between neurons and their target cells. Chemical synapses allow presynaptic neurons to excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neurons. O Electrical synapses allow presynaptic neurons to excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neurons. O Electrical synapses allow direct exchanges of both electric current and cytoplasmic contents. A single neuron uses either the electrical or chemical synapses to communicate with its target cells.

For each phase, again, name the phase. Then draw in the figures below: Na+ and K+ channels. Draw them open or closed as appropriate. Where Na+ and K+ ions are located If Na+ or K+ are moving, draw the direction that they move. Make sure they move through their appropriate ion channel.

Researchers have designed a neuron that's unable to produce and release neurotransmitters. Can that neuron still have an action potential? Choose the answer with the correct answer and the correct reasoning. O No, action potentials need neurotransmitters to increase message speed O No, a neuron can't receive messages without its own neurotransmitters O No, a lack of neurotransmitters would leave a neuron unmyelinated O No, action potentials don't occur in the axon O Yes, action potentials don't require neurotransmitters:

For the ion concentrations in Table 12.1, calculate the equilibriumpotentials for each ion species in squid axons and in mammalianmuscle fibers.

READ: They key to large-scale communication in the entire nervous system is the ability to pass nerve impulses on a small scale from one neuron to the next so that signals can be transmitted throughout the entire body. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, and is the critical space that mediates the transfer of a signal from the presynaptic neuron (the sender) to the postsynaptic neuron (the receiver) or even an effector cell (like a gland or muscle cell.) You circled a synapse in Model 1. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. Electrical synapses transmit electrical signals via gap junctions. A channel protein connects the cytoplasm of two adjacent neurons so that ions can flow directly from one cell to another to pass on the signal. However, the most common type of synapse is a chemical synapse. These utilize chemical signals, called neurotransmitters, to transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft. This is a slower process, but allows for much greater precision…

Imagine you are studying the activity of neurons in a mouse that is awake and interacting with other mice. If you knew that an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) occurred, you _______ predict whether it would increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior The neurons you are studying could be releasing ___________ because it is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that generally depolarizes postsynaptic neurons. If you wanted to study what happens when neurons are unable to make this particular neurotransmitter you could use ___________, which is a method that prevents your gene of interest from being translated. Group of answer choices A) Could not; GABA; Electron microscopy B) Could; Glutamate; Anterograde tracing C) Could; GABA; Immunohistochemistry D) Could not; Glutamate; Antisense oligonucleotides

Scientists would like to be able to use channel rhodopsin proteins to turn neurons both on & off with pulses of light. You could get light to turn neurons off if you could create light-gated channels specific for (Na+ ) (Ca++) (K+) (either monovalent cation) (Na+ or Ca++) (Ca++ or K+ ) (any one of these) (none of these -- none of these changes would have the desired effect).