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For each phase, again, name the phase. Then draw in the figures below:
- Na+ and K+ channels. Draw them open or closed as appropriate.
- Where Na+ and K+ ions are located
- If Na+ or K+ are moving, draw the direction that they move. Make sure they move through their appropriate ion channel.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
- Fill in the diagram, your illustration should demonstrate for each phase of the AP: 1. The relative concentration of K and Na 2. The relative voltage across the membrane 3. Any movement across the membrane of K and NA 4. The three kinds of channels in the membrane, and their state (open or closed) 5. Finally, indicate on the graph of the AP which phases correspond to hyper- polarization and which phases correspond to de- polarization Outside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Outside 1 Outside Inside InsideWhich of the following statements best describes the features of voltage-gated K+ channels? They consist of 4 subunits, are activated at the same time as voltage-gated Na+ channels, but do not inactivate. They consist of 4 subunits, are activated by depolarisation and close slowly during the refractory period. They have 24 membrane spanning alpha helices, 4 of which have positively charged amino acids which promote a conformational change in the channel following depolarisation. They consist of 4 subunits and are open at rest which causes the resting membrane potential to be close to the K+ equilibrium potential.000 Which statement does the graph illustrate? Probability of Nat channel opening 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Membrane potential (mV) K+ moves into of the cell as the membrane depolarizes The opening of Na* channels is voltage dependent. Na+ moves out of the cell as the membrane depolarizes Tetrodotoxin blocks both microscopic and macroscopic currents.
- The action potential is split into 4 parts (A-D). For each part, 1. Describe what stimulated the channel responsible for this part, 2. what is the likely ion that is moving and 3. explain which direction the ion had to move to create the measured membrane potential.The membrane potential for an excitable cell membrane is -70 mV, for sodium ions the Nernst equilibrium potential is +50 mV, the conductivity of the single sodium channel is 10 pS. What is the electrochemical potential difference that is the driving force for sodium ions to migrate? How much current flows through an open sodium channel under these conditions?You attempt to generate an IV plot for GABA channels in cultured neurons. You apply pentobarbital and perform voltage steps but see no current at any voltage. Which of the following would explain your findings? Concentration of pentobarbital is too low GABA is not present in your solutions Cl- concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane None of the above
- The top panel (a) of this figure shows the graded potential change (far right, upper, electrical trace) that results from ligand binding to the ligand gated Na+ channel. The bottom panel of this figure (b) shows a graded potential change (far right, lower, electrical trace) that results from ligand binding to a ligand gated Cl- channel. From this trace you know (Vm = -70 mV) 1. ECl- is -70 mV 2. ECl- is more negative than -70 mV (i.e., -80 mV) 3. ECl- is more positive than -70 mV (i.e., -60 mV)The action potential is split into 4 parts (A-D). For each part, 1. Describe what stimulated the channel responsible for this part, 2. what is the likely ion that is moving and 3. explain which direction the ion had to move to create the measured membrane potential. +40 B D membrane potential (mV) -40 -60 A { 2 time (ms)(II) OI O II O III (IV) On the figure ABOVE, which panel (I, II, III or IV) represents a ligand gated channel? O IV M PO M
- In the above diagram, letter C represents: A voltage-gated K+ channel A leaky Na+ channel A leaky K+ channel A voltage-gated Na+ channelWhen opened, the ligand-gated cation channels do not allow diffusion of Cl-because :-a- the size of Cl- is bigger than the bore of the channelsb- intracellular negativity causes complete inhibition of Cl- influxc- the channels are specific for diffusion of Na + onlyd- the inner surface of the channels is negatively chargedEpilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by seizures that result whenneurons in the brain produce excessive action potentials. Channelopathiesare genetic disorders caused by mutations in ion channel genes, whichresult in ion channels that do not function normally. What kind of Na+ orCa2+channelopathies might contribute to epilepsy?