Human inheritance is studied by the technique known as pedigree analysis. Pedigree analysis is used to study the five types of inheritance patterns in humans. The patterns are autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and Y linked traits. Red-green color blindness and Hemophilia in humans are due to an X-linked recessive gene.
Characteristics of the X-linked recessive trait.
- More males are affected than females.
- The trait skips generations.
- Approximately half of the carrier mother's sons are affected.
- It is never passed from father to son
- All daughters of the affected father are carriers.
Haemophilia is an X linked recessive trait located in humans.
A normal male is crossed with a carrier female. Let XH be the allele for normal blood clotting factor and Xh be the allele for haemophilia. The normal male is hemizygous and will have only one X chromosome which is a normal blood clotting factor XH. The female is a carrier so the genotype will be XH Xh and will produce two types of gametes. The male transfers the only X chromosome it has to a daughter while the mother will transfer either of one chromosome.
XH | Xh | |
XH | XH XH | XH Xh |
So the genotype of the daughter will be XH XH or XH Xh in the ratio of 1:1. The phenotype will be normal blood clotting factor in all the daughters.
The male never transfers the X chromosome to the daughter and the female can transfer either of the X chromosomes.
So the genotype of the son can be XH AND Xh in the ratio 1:1. The phenotype is normal clotting factor to the haemophilia disease in 1:1 ratio.
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- Please help a bit confusedarrow_forwardPlease help I am stuck, I have provided everything neededarrow_forwardShort Answer 3. The pedigree shown is of a family with an X-linked recessive disease. The sex chromosomes are indicated. Individual II-2 is the result of a non-disjunction event in one of the parents. I || 1 2 XHXH XhY XhY 12 XhXhY A) If the nondisjunction event that gave rise to Il-2 occurred in the father, in which phase of meiosis did it happen? Explain your reasoning. B) Upon further testing, it is discovered that Individual 1-1 has a mild case of the disease. Please give a short explanation as to how that is possible.arrow_forward
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