Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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### Formation of Nitric Acid

Nitric acid can be synthesized in two steps using atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, with hydrogen derived from reformed natural gas. 

**Step 1: Formation of Ammonia**

\[ \text{N}_2(g) + 3\text{H}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3(g) \quad \Delta H = -92 \text{ kJ} \]

In this exothermic reaction, nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia, releasing 92 kJ of energy.

**Step 2: Formation of Nitric Acid and Water**

\[ \text{NH}_3(g) + 2\text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{HNO}_3(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(g) \quad \Delta H = -330 \text{ kJ} \]

Here, ammonia reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitric acid and water, with an energy release of 330 kJ.

**Objective:**

Calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of *one mole* of nitric acid from nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Round your answer to the nearest kJ.

\[ \boxed{\phantom{0}} \, \text{kJ} \]
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Transcribed Image Text:### Formation of Nitric Acid Nitric acid can be synthesized in two steps using atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, with hydrogen derived from reformed natural gas. **Step 1: Formation of Ammonia** \[ \text{N}_2(g) + 3\text{H}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3(g) \quad \Delta H = -92 \text{ kJ} \] In this exothermic reaction, nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia, releasing 92 kJ of energy. **Step 2: Formation of Nitric Acid and Water** \[ \text{NH}_3(g) + 2\text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{HNO}_3(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(g) \quad \Delta H = -330 \text{ kJ} \] Here, ammonia reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitric acid and water, with an energy release of 330 kJ. **Objective:** Calculate the net change in enthalpy for the formation of *one mole* of nitric acid from nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Round your answer to the nearest kJ. \[ \boxed{\phantom{0}} \, \text{kJ} \]
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