Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Measuring CO2 would be a good way to measure whether pyruvate oxidation and the Citric Acid cycle were functioning below normal levels
a) True
b) False
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- Which one of the following pairs of compounds are joined together to conserve carbon in the glyoxylate cycle? Acetyl-CoA + Glyoxylate Oxaloacetate + Malate CO2 + CO2 Pyruvate + CO2 Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate + CO2 O O O O Carrow_forwardPyruvic acid is a product of glycolysis, but it is not the substance that joins with the pickup molecule to enter the citric acid cycle. What is that substance?arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle converts each acetyl-CoA to [1/2/3/4] molecules of CO2. This pathway is considered [catabolic/anabolic] because it breaks down acetyl-CoA into smaller molecules and [catabolic/anabolic] because the intermediates are building blocks for other metabolites in the cell. The citric acid cycle produces [1/2/3] NADH and [1/2/3] FADH2 for every acetyl-CoA consumed. help fill in the blanksarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forwardb) How does oxygen availability determine the fate of the glycolysis pathway?arrow_forwardIdentify the primary catabolic purpose of the citric acid cyclearrow_forward
- ___ molecules of ATP are ultimately formed per every acetyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle and the remaining ATP molecules are generated via the ___ of NADH and FADH2. A) Nine; oxidation B) Ten; reduction C) Ten; oxidation D)Nine; reductionarrow_forwardHow many ATP are produced via the Kreb's cycle (total, directly, & indirectly)?arrow_forwardThis is a depiction of the connection between the urea cycle, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and the citric acid cycle. In this depiction, blank boxes with numbers are hiding the name of a metabolite. Using the list below the pathway name the missing metabolites. Hint: Start by identifying #1, #6, and #7 and work from there.arrow_forward
- Concerning the use of pyruvate when ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low, what is the fate of the carbon labeled in pyruvate when metabolized under these conditions? a) Production of glucose b) Oxidation to CO2 via the TCA cycle c) Conversion to pyruvate to generate oxaloacetate to move electrons to the cytosol via the malate shuttle d) Pyruvate is never metabolized by the cell, instead pyruvate is converted to lactate and solely exported for the Cori cycle and dependent on the liver to recycle the carbon skeletonarrow_forwardHow does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction control the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardThe formation of acetyl CoA... A) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, after moving across the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane. B) occurs in the cytoplasm prior to transport into the mitochondrial matrix. C) involves activation of acyl groups derived from pyruvate. D) A and C E) B and Carrow_forward
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