Match the molecule involved in insulin signaling with what it does

Can you please describe the role of G proteins in ligand-activated cellular signal transduction.

Intracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response to an extracellular signal. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True False

This is a signaling pathway that involves a second messenger:   epinephrine → G protein-coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP.  Which one is known as the second messenger?

Thyroid hormone is produced within spherical shape structures in the thyroid gland known as 3. 1_ _ _This structure consists of an outer layer of 3.2 epithelial cells and an inner section known-as 3.3___ . This inner section is filled with 3.4 ____ that is synthesised and secreted by-the cells and contains many tyrosine residues. Within this inner section, organification occurs when 3. 5 ____ molecules attach to these tyrosine residues forming either 3. 6____  (with one molecule attacl1ed) or 3. 7____(with two molecules attached). Through coupling, T3 and T4 are also formed. Of these two hormones;- 3. 8 ____is less potent but forms approximately 93% of the metabolically active hormones secreted the thyroid gland.

True or false Insulin is an example of an amino acid based hormone. Insulin uses a receptor on the plasma membrane of a target cell.  Insulin uses a receptor INSIDE of a target cell.

A signaling molecule M is active when it is phosphorylated (M-P). The M-P has downstream target molecules in nucleus. Provide a possible mechanism by which M does its job

Steroid hormones are required by the body at puberty and into adolescence to regulate growth and cell division at more rapid pace than in later life.  This regulation occurs via their interaction with cellular receptors and the signaling cascades/pathways that follow.  Describe for me the difference between the two major classes of steroids, anabolic and catabolic steroids.  What might you expect the result of signaling cascades to be in cells receiving either anabolic or catabolic “signals”? (B) At some point in late adolescence, steroid production decreases by almost 100 fold, as we transition into “adulthood”.  Why might we wish to stop these signals from constantly being in our blood stream, (like, Say, between 17-24 years of age)?  What result might these steroids have on cancer cells where abhorrent signaling is already causing an increased rate of cell division/growth? Could steroid use result in Cancer?

Epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown by activating glycogen phosphorylase. However, in the research lab, no glycogen breakdown occurred when epinephrine was added to a test tube containing the enzyme and its substrate, glycogen. Explain why glycogen phosphorylase could be activated by epinephrine only when the hormone was added to intact cells in a solution.

Jhat are the two problems that a protein component of an intracellular signaling circuit must solve?