Macmillan Learning b. A central bank reduces the rate of interest that it charges to commercial banks on loans. expansionary c. The Federal Reserve purchases bonds on the open market. O expansionary d. The Federal Reserve decreases the discount rate. expansionary O contractionary expansionary contractionary contractionary e. A central bank increases the percentage of deposits that banks are required to keep in vaults. O contractionary.

Figure 15-1 Interest Rate 4% 3% 2% MS b d Money Demand Quantity of Money Refer to the Figure 15-1. At an interest rate of 4 percent, how much is the excess money demand or supply? There is an excess money supply equal to the distance between b and a. There is an excess money demand equal to the distance between a and b. There is an excess money demand equal to the distance between b and c. There is an excess money supply equal to the distance between c and b.

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The money stock measured as M1 is growing at the rate of 5% per year. If real GDP is growing at 2% per year, and the income velocity of circulation of money is constant, Select one: the economy will achieve noninflationary growth O b. the inflation rate will be around 1%. O c. the inflation rate will be around 5% O d. the inflation rate will be around 3%.

If banks increase their holdings of excess reserves O a. the money multiplier increases and the money supply decreases. O b. the money multiplier decreases and the money supply increases. c. the money multiplier and the money supply decrease. O d. the money multiplier and the money supply increase.

Explain which interest rate sets the upper limit on the federal funds rate.   The upper limit on the federal funds rate is the _______ because _______.     A. discount rate; the discount rate must be 1 percent higher than the federal funds rate   B. interest on reserves rate; a bank will borrow reserves only if the federal funds rate is less than the interest on reserves rate   C. discount rate; a bank will borrow reserves only if the federal funds rate is less than the discount rate   D. long-term real interest rate; the loanable funds market determines the federal funds rate range

Consider the model of supply and demand for central bank money. Assumethat there there are commercial banks. Suppose that people hold 20% of their moneyin currency and 80% of their money in deposits. The central bank sets the reserve-todeposit ratio at 10%. In the first period, the central bank increases the supply of moneyby $200, buying bonds through Open-Market Operations. Use this information to answerthe following questions:(a) For the second period (after the central bank has injected $200 in theeconomy), calculate: (i) the demand for currency, (ii) the amount of deposit held atthe commercial banks, (iii) the demand for reserves held at the central bank, and(iv) the demand for the high-powered money. How much is the additional moneysupply created at the end of the second period?2(b) How much is the additional money supply created at the end of the thirdperiod?(c) As time continues, additional money supply will be created. Calculatethe total increase in the money supply as a…

If the Fed sells the U.S. $200 million in government bonds, the total money supply will: O not change. decrease by more than $200 million. O decrease by less than $200 million but more than $0 million. O decrease by exactly $200 million.

1.If you deposit $100 in a bank account and the reserve ratio is 20 percent. a.What is the minimum amount of money banks will be required to keep in reserves? How much loans can banks make at most? What is the money multiplier? How much money can be created from $100 of reserves? b.lf the fed raises the required reserve ratio to 30 percent. What is the minimum amount of money banks will be required to keep in reserves? How much loans can banks make at most? What is the money multiplier? How much money can be created from $100 of reserves? N

1. Suppose that the reserve requirement for chequing deposits is 15 % and the banks donot hold any excess reserves. What is the effect on the economy’s reserves and themoney multiplier if the central bank sells $2 million of government bonds? 2. Now suppose the central bank lowers the reserves requirement to 5%, but the Savers’banks choose to hold another 5% deposits as excess reserves. State two reasons whythe Savers’ bank want to hold excess reserves. 3. Analyse briefly the impact of the overall change in the money multiplier and the moneysupply as a result of the policies implemented by the Savers’ bank.