Lecture 9/3: 12) Imagine a plant species that grows wide leaves or narrow leaves based on the relationship of a pair of alleles at one locus. Imagine performing a cross of pure-bred individuals of each type, then crossing their offspring. Assume that the normal rules of Mendelian inheritance apply, and that the allele for wide leaves is dominant over the allele for narrow leaves. Map out the monohybrid cross described above. What should the distribution of phenotypes look like in the F1 and F2 generations? 13) Construct a dihybrid cross for an animal's genes that cause stomach acids to be either acidic (dominant trait) or basic (recessive trait) and genes that cause the animal's scales to grow at ninety degrees from the body line (dominant trait) or parallel to the body line (recessive trait). What should the distribution of phenotypes look like for the F1 and F2 generations?

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a. In mice, dark coat color is dominant over albino and short hair is dominant over long hair. Assume that these two traits are caused by two independently assorting genes. Hair color is determined by the (D/d) alleles. Hair length is caused by the (S/s) alleles. Two mice are crossed and result in the following progeny: 20 short-haired, dark mice and 21 short-haired, albino mice. What is the most likely genotype for the parents?   b. The researcher who is counting the mice suddenly realizes that the trait is probably X-linked as all the albino mice are one sex and all the dark mice are theoppositesex. What can you conclude about the 2 parental mice with regard to the hair color trait?

Explain the term out-crossing.

Which of the following statements is true about the molecular basis of Mendel's second law? OThe random attachment of the sister chromatids and the split of them into different daughter cells during the second round of cell division in Meiosis ensure Mendel's second law of independent assortment of alleles. OThe random attachment of the sister chromatids and the split of them into different daughter cells during the first round of cell division in Meiosis ensure Mendel's 2nd law. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of sister chromatids during the second round of cell division in Meiosis. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the second round of cell division in Meiosis. O The molecular basis of independent assortment of alleles is the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first round of cell division in Meiosis.

Some mice are born with a yellow coat controlled by the gene Y. Examine the setup and outcome of the following crosses, which produce two generations: Po: yellow mouse X gray mouse F1 :5 yellow mice, 4 gray mice P: yellow mouse from F1 X yellow mouse from F1 F2 : 7 gray mice, 15 yellow mice with 9 dead Analyze the information provided to answer these questions: • What type of cross is the first cross? • Which trait is dominant? • What is the genotype of the yellow mouse in the first cross? • What is the genotype of the gray mouse in the second cross? Why are 9 mice dead in F2?

Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Directions: For the following problem, calculate the probability of the offspring between the cross using the sum and product rule. The parent generation has genotypes of Aa Bb Cc and AA Bb CC. What is the probability the F1 generation would be AA bb cc?