Iodine and chlorine solutions known as ______ can inactivate enteroviruses, but phenolic compounds and 70% alcohol disinfectants are not effective.
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Iodine and chlorine solutions known as ______ can inactivate enteroviruses, but phenolic compounds and 70% alcohol disinfectants are not effective.
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- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)Which of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness? endotoxins hyaluronidase F proteinMany antimicrobials were discovered in the first half of the 20th century. Match the early antimicrobial drugs with their description and/or target disease: salvarsan sulfanilamide penicillin prontosil Choices - first synthetic antimicrobial synthetic dye used to treat streptococcal and staphylococcal infections treatment for syphilis first discovered natural antibiotic
- Entamoeba coli is not a pathogen of humans. True FalseA patient has a staphylococcal infection of the blood; a septicemia - very serious and possibly deadly. As the doctor, you would like to prescribe a relatively non-toxic and inexpensive drug out of the cephalosporin family. However, if the patient harbors a strain of Staphylococcus that is resistant to a variety of antibiotics, you would prefer to use vancomycin-- which is highly effective against Staphylococcus. Why is the cephalosporin drug preferred for use over the vancomycin?This 35-year-old woman reported that she had experienced three bouts of urticaria of unknown origin about 10 years ago. The urticaria affected her mucous membranes and skin. She had experienced similar symptoms after repair of a fractured femur caused by a skiing accident. These symptoms were attributed to an antibiotic reaction. As an emergency room nurse, she observed occasional localized hives after the use of latex gloves. Even when she used hypoallergenic latex gloves, she continued to have hives every few months. Increased urticaria, at times generalized, continued to occur. Within 30 minutes of having a routine vaginal examination performed by a health care provider wearing latex gloves, she had an anaphylactic reaction that required resuscitation and hospitalization. A vaginal biopsy 1 week later required a latex-free environment for her safety. A short time later, she was forced to retire from nursing because of symptoms of asthma. She had also developed food allergies to…
- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?Match the description listed below to the correct bacterium. Grows in intestine of ruminants like cows. [Choose ] Can be found in raw milk. If ingested, can cause spontaneous miscarriage in women, neonatal sepsis and meningitis [Choose ] Listeria monocytogenes_ Can grow in high salt environments. Makes a Staphylococcus aureus_ heat stable enterotoxin Campylobacter_ When the toxin this pathogen makes is _Vibrio cholerae_ ingested, can cause "projectile vomiting" Streptococcus pyogenes_ Can grow as a mesophile in humans, but also can grow as a psychrophile in refrigerators [ Choose ] A leading cause of food-borne infections, grows on fecal contaminated raw poultry (e.g. raw chicken), forming a biofilm. A [Choose ] microaerophile Question 41 How can Clostridium tetani survive in aerobic environments?An outbreak of viral meningitis in a small eastern city was linked epidemiologically to a group who swam in a nonchlorinated pool in an abandoned quarry outside of town. What might public health officials surmise about the probable cause of the outbreak?
- (more than 1 answer) Which of the following toxins are exotoxins None of the above Streptococcal pyrogenic toxin LPS of coli Anthrax toxin Staphylococcal alpha-toxinWhy is Salmonella typhi a gram negative bacilli? Explain.Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with enteric bacteria than in community-based infections with the same species. Explain why this is so.
